PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENTS Women’s Suffrage Agrarian Groups PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENTS Prohibition Populists TEK 7C  describe and compare the impact of the Progressive and other reform movements in Texas in the 19th and 20th centuries such as the Populists, women's suffrage, agrarian groups, labor unions, and the evangelical movement of the late 20th century; Readiness Standard

Video: Politics & Progressives.asf from KLRN http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3D453D28-68EB-4D75-A885-88DDDEE6ADE6&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Women’s Suffrage Women’s Suffrage

Click on the picture read more about this movement. The Grange Click on the picture read more about this movement.

Prohibition The prohibition movement in Texas began as early as 1866, when Texas saloons were forced to close on Sundays. In the early 1870s, more citizens began voicing concerns about alcohol’s effects on society. As a result, several organizations set out to ban the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages. They believed that getting rid of alcohol would reduce crime, poverty and family violence. Strong organizations led the temperance movement in Texas. The United Friends of Temperance was the first statewide organization to support a total ban on alcohol. Texas women also started local chapters of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union. By 1911, some 166 Texas counties had become “dry,” meaning that all alcohol sales were outlawed within their borders. Another 59 counties were partially dry. The remaining counties were “wet,” allowing the sale of alcohol. When World War I began, people were concerned about the effects of alcohol on young soldiers away from home. In 1918 Texas passed a law banning saloons within a 10-mile radius of military camps. That same year, Texas closed all saloons and the state legislature ratified the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. This amendment prohibitied the manufacture, sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages. In 1933, this amendment was repealed by the 21st amendment. Passage taken from the Celebrating Texas textbook. The last sentence is my own writing.

The Populist Party

Report to the National Grange History Snapshots Online Newspapers You may not go past this page during Day 1 of your research. Use all of the links below to continue researching the Progressive & Populist Movements. Women’s Suffrage The Grange The Ranch State Master Kegley’s Report to the National Grange James Hogg Farm Delegates Certificate Farmer’s Alliance Populist Ship is heading towards the fusion reefs Prohibition Populist Party NAACP Progressive Movement **Click on the pictures as well as the stars to access information http://education.texashistory.unt.edu

Galveston Hurricane of 1900 CASE STUDY: Galveston Hurricane of 1900

Galveston Hurricane of 1900 Video: Galveston Storm of 1900.avi http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZX88xLJVfpI&feature=related&noredirect=1

A Comparison of Hurricanes 1900 Galveston Hurricane Deadliest natural disaster in American history 6,000 estimated deaths in Galveston Estimated property damage = $30 million Estimated strength on Saffir-Simpson Scale between 2-4 2005 Hurricane Katrina 3rd strongest hurricane to make landfall in U.S. 1,836 estimated deaths Estimated damages = $75 billion Estimated strength on Saffir-Simpson Scale of 4 at sea but 2 on land http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Galveston_-_1900_wreckage.jpg http://designintentions.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/katrina-damage2.jpg

University of North Texas Libraries from Clarence Ousley, Galveston In Nineteen Hundred Read Cline’s account of the Hurricane’s arrival Primary Source Adventures: Galveston 1900 Storm of the Century Primary Source Adventures: Galveston 1900: Storm of the Century From Paul Lester, The Great Galveston Disaster University of North Texas Libraries

University of North Texas Libraries Primary Source Adventures: Galveston 1900 Storm of the Century Primary Source Adventures: Galveston 1900: Storm of the Century From Paul Lester, The Great Galveston Disaster This excerpt discusses the storm’s aftermath University of North Texas Libraries

University of North Texas Libraries Primary Source Adventures: Galveston 1900: Storm of the Century Primary Source Adventures: Galveston 1900 Storm of the Century From Paul Lester, The Great Galveston Disaster University of North Texas Libraries

University of North Texas Libraries Primary Source Adventures: Galveston 1900: Storm of the Century Primary Source Adventures: Galveston 1900 Storm of the Century Galveston Sea Wall constructed in 1902 Memorial marker for 1900 storm Images from the Portal to Texas History Collection “Photographing Texas” University of North Texas Libraries

Government Reform in Galveston After the Galveston hurricane of 1900, Galveston adopted the commission form of city government. The idea, which emphasized efficiency and economy through the election of commissioners [council leaders] on a citywide basis, spread to Houston, Dallas, Fort Worth, and numerous smaller municipalities before 1910. By lowering taxes on the middle class, simplifying administration, and weakening the influence of local aldermen [high ranking city officials], commission government appealed to business and professional men who deemed the older …style of governance as corrupt. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/npp01

COMMISSION FORM OF CITY GOVERNMENT The commission form of city government, also known as the Galveston Plan, was devised in Galveston in 1901 and became one of the three basic forms of municipal government in the United States. (The others are mayor-council and council-manager.) Under the commission plan voters elect a small governing commission, typically five or seven members, on an at-large basis. As a group the commissioners constitute the legislative body of the city responsible for taxation [taxes], appropriations [deciding where money will be spent], ordinances, and other general functions. Individually, each commissioner is in charge of a specific aspect of municipal affairs, e.g., public works, finance, or public safety. One of the commissioners is designated chairman or mayor, but his function is principally one of presiding at meetings and serving in ceremonial capacities. Thus the commission plan blends legislative and executive functions in the same body. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/moc01

COMMISSION FORM OF CITY GOVERNMENT The invention of the commission plan was a direct result of the Galveston hurricane of 1900. An estimated 6,000 lives were lost, and millions of dollars worth of property was swept away. Fearful that the island city might never recover its prosperity under the leadership of the incumbent [current] ity council, a group of wealthy businessmen known as the Deep Water Committee devised a plan to have the governor appoint a commission to govern the city during the rebuilding period. To appease opponents [people against them] who contended [held] that appointed government was undemocratic, the plan was altered [changed] to provide for popular election of two of the five commissioners. This plan went into operation one year after the great storm. Court challenges to the constitutionality of the partially appointive government led the legislature to make the office of all five commissioners elective, and in this form the commission plan became popular across Texas and the nation. http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/moc01