Chapter 4 Adel M. Awadallah Islamic University of Gaza

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Chapter 4 Adel M. Awadallah Islamic University of Gaza Organic chemistry for medicine and biology students Chem 2311 Chapter 4 Aromatic Compounds By Prof. Dr. Adel M. Awadallah Islamic University of Gaza

Hydrocarbons (contain only carbon and hydrogen) Aromatic Compounds Hydrocarbons (contain only carbon and hydrogen) Saturated: (Contain only single bonds) Alkanes (CnH2N + 2 ) Cycloalkanes (CnH2N ) b) Unsaturated: contain Alkenes: double bonds (,,,CnH2N) Alkynes: triple bonds ((CnH2N - 2) Aromatic: benzene like compounds

Facts about double and triple bonds

Structure of Benzene Benzene is the parent of a class of especially stable compounds called aromatic compounds. It was first isolated by Faraday in 1825 from compressed illuminating gas Different structures were suggested for benzene (C6H6). The regular conjugated hexagon structure was suggested by Kekuli` in 1865

Orbital Model for Benzene

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds

Disubstituted Benzene

Assigning Priority Halogens < alkanes < alkenes < amines < OH < ketone < aldehyde < acid < ester Examples

Aromatic Compounds in Nature and Health

Reaction of benzene with n-propyl chloride produces isopropyl benzene because of rearrangement

How can you prepare the following compound? Starting from benzene

Polycyclic aromatic compounds cigarettes

C60, An aromatic sphere The Fullerenes