ACTRIS Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) Network and new filter off-line techniques to measure PM chemical composition and determine organic aerosol sources ACSM Teams across Europe Many slides from Michael Bressi / Fabrizia Cavalli, JRC Italy

ACSM stations http://www.psi.ch/acsm-stations/acsm-station Half hourly measurements of submicron organic mass, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium during at least a season, ideally for full years Organic mass spectra can be used to derive sources and components of organic aerosols (traffic, biomass burning, coal burning, cooking, secondary organic aerosols) Sampling sites + 20 potential sites in various countries ? http://www.psi.ch/acsm-stations/acsm-station

INTERCOMPARISON EXERCISE within ACTRIS Comparison of 13 ACSMs near PARIS Crenn et al., Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2015

Comparison exercise near Paris, Source apportionment of organic aerosols Traffic Cooking Secondary organic aerosols Biomass burning organic aerosols Froehlich et al., Atmos. Meas. Techn., 2015

A European aerosol phenomenology - 6: high-time resolution chemical characteristics of submicron particulate matter across Europe Sampling sites + 21 sites in 13 different countries + 9 rural/regional, 5 urban, 5 coastal, 1 remote and 1 industrial/harbour sites + Northern Europe: 5 sites, Continental Europe: 11 sites, Southern Europe: 5 sites Bressi, Cavalli, Putaud, Prevot et al., in prep., internal review stage, most data will be available on EBAS

MATERIAL AND METHODS Temporal coverage Assumptions: 1 If data coverage> 1.5 months in a given season  data representative of the full season 2 No inter-annual variability. 3 If 3 seasons - including summer and winter - in a given year  data representative of the full year Bressi, Cavalli, Putaud, Prevot et al., in prep., internal review stage, most data will be available on EBAS

FULL YEAR datasets Methods to analyze a full year are still partially under development. AURO-SoFi (Automatic rolling source finding) .. A combination of source apportionment and moving average. PSI, 14.05.2019

The offline AMS technique The Set Up

Combination of new and classic off-line methods Sources of PM2.5 North South PSI, 14.05.2019 Contribution of primary anthropogenic sources is relatively low, dominated by the residential emissions from heating and cooking processes

Sampling sites Aerolit project Lithuania (PM1): 3 sampling sites, 178 filters: -Rugsteliskes (rural site, 62 filters), -Preila (remote coast site, 73 filters), -Vilnius (urban backgruond site, 41 filters). From 01/10/2013 to 03/09/2014 Preila Vilnius Rugsteliskes Measurements: EC/OC WSOC Ions (IC) Sugars Nox Organic markers (PAHs, Methyl-PAHs, metoxyphenols, hopanes, n-alkanes, S-containing-PAHs, monosaccharide anhydrides, and biological monosaccharides)

Study in Lithuania BBOA mg/m3 Levoglucosan mg/m3 Background OOA mg/m3 Bozzetti et al., ACPD, 2016 PSI, 14.05.2019

Idea for future «campaign» Combine on-line ACSM measurements with off-line measurements at many sites during a full year, e.g. 2017, 2018 or 2019 Realistic : 1000-1500 filters : 50-80 filters per site: 20-30 off-line sites possible: costs: ~150-200 Euros per sample Different possible Strategies of addition of off-line sites: - Increased cover of areas/countries without on-line measurements. Choose urban/rural combinations Choose for some sites size-segregated filters or PM10 / PM2.5 filters; PM2.5 or PM1 would be easier in any case. Combination with FTIR measurements shown by Satoshi Takahama (costs?)

FUTURE Overview paper of the aerosol composition will be submitted in weeks to months. Source apportionment overview publication earliest mid to end 2017 Modelers should start using the data Another phase of EURODELTA or similar model evaluation exercises on existing data or on an extended dataset with an intensive year ? A new year would provide higher quality. Important: Opportunity for development and assessment of Volatility Basis Set or other modern schemes for organic aerosols .. Less dependent on specific meteorology during a month or two.. Combination with equivalent black carbon measurements would be very useful (ideally multi-wavelength to distinguish traffic from wood burning) PSI, 14.05.2019