Age of Exploration and Colonization A Larger World Opens: Expanded Influence of Western Civilization 1400- Ch 19 Age of Exploration and Colonization

Motives in the Age of Exploration Attracted to East for silks and spices Looking for a water trade route to Asia Difficult to trade with Islamic empires 1453 Byzantine Empire fell to Turks desire for wealth and adventure religious zeal- save souls Summary Gold, Glory and God

Improvements in Navigation Better maps, follow coasts at first, used compass better ships- square sails and new hull design, heavy enough to carry canon use of astrolabe- magnetic compass sail by stars knowledge of wind patterns First the Portuguese (Prince Henry) then Spanish, France and England

Portuguese Explorers Prince Henry- 1460 looking for trade and an ally against the Muslims/ Congo Diaz- made it to Cape of Good Hope 1488. “To serve God and his majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all ment desire to do.” Vasco de Gama- went in search of Christians and spices- arrived in India 1510 Portuguese flags in Goa, India and Macao, China

The Spanish believed there had to be a short cut by sailing west Columbus- (Genoan) went west 1492 arrived in Caribbean thought it was the Indies thus the west Indies- Magellan- sailed around the world East and West divided- Rivarlry between Spain and Portugal: Pope drew an imaginary line through Atlantic Ocean, land to the west belonged to Spain Treaty of Tordesillas, Spain and Portugal agree to honor the line

Pattern of Contact Begin by trading Armed conflict- Europeans had cannon set up trading partners- some stay to protect partners and Europeans made alliances with local leaders Dutch and English less apt to become involved with culture/religion developed mercantilism- material from colony- buy finished products form Europe.

Slave Trade Portuguese- trade with Africa- To Portugal as servants than to Brazil to work on plantations Africans less susceptible to European diseases that Native Americans But death rate was high 13-30% just on the trip African middlemen active- depopulate entire areas of Africa- food from Americas helped increase birthrate

Spice Trade-East Indies Very important to Europeans- made food palatable Portuguese again led the way Spain in the Philippines- stayed till 1898 Dutch East India Company very aggressive- competed with British East India Company Both dominated the East Indies and India

Impact on World by European Contact Purpose was to serve the homeland weather it was slaves, furs, cotton, fish, spices, tobacco, gold or silver. Colonies improved the lives of Europeans greatly. In the Americas More intermarriage by Spanish /Portuguese and French Disease was devastating. Measles, influenza, smallpox Violence common

The World Dominated by Europe(cont) Africa- completely dominated by Europe- only one independent country Ethiopia Southeast and Asia- French in Vietnam, British in Burma, Spanish in Philippines, Dutch in Indonesia India- French and British compete- British win out, not independent until 1948 South America- Spanish dominated: Others joined ( French, Dutch, British, and Portuguese) too

On Your own- Ch. 19 pages 528-535 How might the phrase “God, glory and gold” summarize the Europeans’ motives for exploration. How did the treaty of Tordesillas ease tensions between Spain and Portugal? Study the map on p.534 and page 531 Science and Technology and answer the following 3. Why would a fort at Hormuz help the Portuguese to stop trade between the Arabian Peninsula and India? 4. Why did inventors and sailors develop better tools for navigation? 5. Which one technological advancement was the most important for “European Exploration?