5-9-11 Today’s Agenda Continue Lecture notes on Plant Basics. *Create foldable notes see example Create Photosynthesis Flash Cards Roots Stems Leaves

Describe the structure & function of Roots, Stems & Leaves. Plant Basics May 9, 2011 Lecture Notes Structure Function Describe the structure & function of Roots, Stems & Leaves.

Vegetative Organs Roots Stems Leaves

Root Structure

Function of Roots Anchor the plant & hold upright Absorb water and minerals from the soil & conduct to stem Store food

Stem Structure •Non-woody Stems •Woody Stems

Fig. 38.28a

Fig. 38.28b

Fig. 38.28c

Function of Stems Support leaves to maximize light absorption for photosynthesis Transportation highway for water, minerals, and carbohydrates Used for food storage Green stems manufacture food like leaves

Leaf parts Blade- flat, broad portion of a leaf Petiole- leaf stalk

Types of Leaves Simple leaf – has only one blade Compound leaf – leaf blade is divided into distinct leaflets Doubly compound – each leaflet is subdivided into smaller leaves

Fig. 38.30

Function of leaves Main photosynthetic structure Chlorophyll in the mesophyll layer is responsible for producing food for entire plant.

Fig. 38.8

Fig. 38.33

9. Stomata on Leaves Stomata regulate water loss and gas exchange (O2 out and CO2 in ) in leaves. Guard cells - open and close the stomata During the day, guard cells swell up w/ water causing the stoma to open At night, guard cells lose water and shrink causing the stoma to close

Please draw & Label.

Chlorophyll in plants converts radiant energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

Photosynthesis Equation sunlight CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2 carbon + water glucose + oxygen dioxide gas

Balance the Photosynthesis Eq CO2 + H2O sunlight C6H12O6 + O2 6CO2 + 6H2O sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2

Photosynthesis Flash Cards You will be given 8 flashcards to complete the Photosynthesis Equation. On the front, write the chemical symbol On the back, write the word Example: CO2 Carbon Dioxide gas from the atmosphere

Photosynthesis Flash Cards Photosynthesis Definition Carbon Dioxide CO2 Water H2O Glucose C6H12O6 Oxygen gas O2 Yield Sign Sunlight 2 Plus signs +

HOMEWORK Read pages 143-144 on the Summary of Cellular Respiration What are the two stages of Cell. Resp? What happens in these two stages? Write the balanced equation that summarizes the oxidation of glucose during Cellular Respiration.

4.Tissue for Plant Growth Meristems – plant tissue designed for rapid cell division; causes plant to grow Apical meristems- helps the plant to grow in length S.A.M.- shoot apical meristem R.A.M.- root apical meristem Lateral meristems - helps the plant to grow in diameter and increase girth.

Meristem types Primary (length) Secondary (width) Apical Meristems Vascular cambium Cork Cambium

Describe the three basic types of plant cells and plant tissue. Plant Basics May 6, 2011 Lecture Notes Describe the three basic types of plant cells and plant tissue.

Purple Onion Cells with Stoma 1. Plant Cells Vascular Bundle Purple Onion Cells with Stoma

A. Parenchyma Cells Shape Function Location Cube-shaped Elongated Large central vacuole Photosynthesis Water storage Healing Dermal tissue: Ex: Mesophyll layer Ex: Fleshy parts of fruit Ex: Flexible, non-woody green stem

B. Collenchyma Cells Shape Function Location Irregular in shaped Grouped in strands Thick cell wall Provide support in growing shoots & leaves Aid in plant growth Ground tissue

C. Sclerenchyma Cells Shape Function Location Thick, rigid cell walls In strands or bundles Internal support & strength Vascular tissue Ex: xylem & phloem Ground tissue Ex: hard shell of nuts & core of apples

2. Plant Tissue- a group of cells functioning 2. Plant Tissue- a group of cells functioning together in some specialized activity

3. Three Types of Tissue A. Dermal Tissue – cover surface of plant, absorption, and protection (Ex: Epidermal cells & guard cells) B. Ground Tissue – support & storage (Ex: Mesophyll cells) C. Vascular Tissue – conducting tissue ( Ex: Xylem & Phloem)

Locations of Plant Tissue

Vascular Tissue Xylem Mostly to conduct water and nutrients Ex: roots to shoots Phloem Mostly to conduct sugars, amino acids, etc. Ex: leaves to roots or flowers

Fig. 4.9

Fig. 38.13a

Fig. 38.14a

Fig. 38.14b

Fig. 38.4

Fig. 38.21

Fig. 38.15

Fig. 38.25a

Fig. 38.25b

Fig. 38.35

Stems: Secondary growth Vascular tissue, (xylem) makes up the bulk of the stem Form tree rings

Fig. 39.1

Fig. 39.5

Figure 35.8a Modified leaves: Tendrils of pea plant

Figure 35.8b Modified leaves: Cacti spines

Figure 35.8c Modified leaves: Succulent leaves for storing water

Figure 35.8d  Modified leaves: Brightly-colored leaves to attract pollinators

Figure 35.x1 Lithops

Comparison of monocots & dicots Monocotyledon grasses lilies, tulips trees: palm Dicotyledon roses, asters grapes, beans trees: oak, maple, Comparison of monocots & dicots