Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in conjunction with vascular endothelial growth factor maintains primordial follicle numbers in transplanted mouse.

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Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in conjunction with vascular endothelial growth factor maintains primordial follicle numbers in transplanted mouse ovaries Malgorzata E. Skaznik-Wikiel, M.D., Rakesh K. Sharma, Ph.D., Kaisa Selesniemi, Ph.D., Ho-Joon Lee, Ph.D., Jonathan L. Tilly, Ph.D., Tommaso Falcone, M.D. Fertility and Sterility Volume 95, Issue 4, Pages 1405-1409 (March 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.036 Copyright © 2011 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in conjunction with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) significantly increases the number of primordial follicles in transplanted ovaries by 160% over placebo (P=.003). Primordial follicle numbers in transplanted ovaries of mice injected with VEGF and G-CSF are not statistically significantly different from those of nontransplanted ovaries. Animals per group: n = 5–6. Mean number of follicles: VEGF only: 112 ± 45; vehicle: 182 ± 60; G-CSF/SCF (stem cell factor): 411 ± 93; G-CSF/VEGF: 534 ± 95. Fertility and Sterility 2011 95, 1405-1409DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.036) Copyright © 2011 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and stem cell factor (SCF) did not influence the number of (A) primary or (B) preantral follicles in the transplanted ovary (not statistically significant). Fertility and Sterility 2011 95, 1405-1409DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.036) Copyright © 2011 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Histologic sections illustrate the appearance of a grafted frozen and thawed ovary in different treatment groups (arrows indicate resting and early growing follicles). (A) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). (B) Vehicle. (C) VEGF + granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). (D) G-CSF + stem cell factor (SCF). Notice the absence of primordial follicles in VEGF-only and vehicle-treated groups. Fertility and Sterility 2011 95, 1405-1409DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.036) Copyright © 2011 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions