Drawing Molecules and Shapes

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Presentation transcript:

Drawing Molecules and Shapes

Lewis Structures Structural formula Valence electrons are dots How to draw: Write the symbol of the element Place one dot on each side of the symbol until all e- are represented Used to show bonding Dot pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent covalent bonds.

Single Elements Al Br Ne C

Covalent bonds when atoms share e- Usually each atom contributes one e- to the shared pair Lone pairs are pairs of e- that are not shared In some situations one atom can share a whole pair of e-

Atoms can share one or more pairs of e- Each pair that is shared creates a bond There can be single, double, or triple bonds Multiple bonds are stronger and have shorter bond length

Draw a Lewis Structure for HCl

Draw a Lewis structure for CH3I.

Draw a Lewis structure for NF3

Draw a Lewis structure for O2 each atom needs two more electrons, so the two atoms share a total of four electrons.

Draw a Lewis structure for OH- Remember the (–) means the ion has gained that many e-

Molecular geometry

VSEPR Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory Predicts molecular shapes pairs of valence electrons surrounding an atom repel each other to create shape Shape determined by electrons surrounding the central atom. Bonded pairs repel each other and remain as far apart as possible. Lone pairs take up space and must be considered as well See chart for determining the shape of a molecule.

BI3 Trigonal planar SCl2 bent

polarity

Polarity Shape effects polarity Polarity of a molecule depends on the polarity of each bond and the way bonds are arranged 2 dipoles in opposite directions cancel each other out = nonpolar 2 dipoles at an angle don’t cancel = polar

AsF3

CH4