AP Psych. Dec. 2nd objective Opener Quiz 6.1-6.2

Are Gifted People Easily Identified? You have been asked to select a student, based on the three biographies below, to enroll in a new program for gifted students. Look over the three biographies and decide which student you would choose. Candidate 1 Candidate 2 Candidate 3 Name Tiquia Gator Alvin Lane Allen Erickson Appearance Average Plain Homely I.Q. 180+ 112 82 School Behavior Aloof, Organizer Well-liked Unsociable, disturbed Physical Health Excellent Large for age Sickly Emot. Health Excellent Easygoing, Had emotional breakdown poor self-concept Interests Chess, Math Sports, reading, Withdraws to fantasy world telling jokes Career Goals None mentioned Work in a retail store None mentioned Personal Goals None mentioned Businessman Independence from family Talents Photographic Good debater Plays violin, likes to read memory, published original math formula at age 10 Which student did you select and why?

What makes us intelligent Or Not so intelligent Intelligence What makes us intelligent Or Not so intelligent

Intelligence The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. Is socially constructed thus… Can be culturally specific. According to this definition, are both Einstein and Babe Ruth intelligent?

Origins of Intelligence Testing In 1900s France required all kids to go to school. They didn’t trust teacher’s assessments of where kids belong, so Alfred Binet wrote a test. The French gov’t loved it, and used it to classify kids.

Origins of Intelligence Testing Alfred Binet (1857–1911) Intelligence—collection of higher-order mental abilities loosely related to one another Assumed that all kids develop the same, just not at the same time. Set out to find “mental ages” of kids. If mental age was higher than actual age you were “bright”, if it was lower, you were “backward”

Origins of Intelligence Testing Stanford-Binet When the Binet test came to America, it didn’t work so well. Lewis Terman at Stanford revised and updated the test then named it the Stanford-Binet. (makes sense)

    The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test Described four elements of intelligence  Direction = the ability to work toward a goal  Adaptability = making necessary adjustments to solve a problem  Comprehension = understanding the basic problem Self-evaluation = knowing if the problem has been solved correctly 

Items Used in the Stanford-Binet Test

Mental Age Binet used the term mental age to describe the level of intellectual functioning. The average five-year-old should pass most items on a test designed for that age. Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.) is a measure that compares mental age with physical age. A seven-year-old child with a mental age of eight will have an IQ of 114.

I.Q. Calculating I.Q. Mental Age I.Q. X 100 = Chronological Age 7 Examples: X 100 = 100 7 8 X 100 = 114 7 What is the I.Q. of a 16-year-old girl with a mental age of 20?

I.Q. Calculating I.Q. Mental Age I.Q. X 100 = Chronological Age 7 Examples: X 100 = 100 7 8 X 100 = 114 7 What is the I.Q. of a 16-year-old girl with a mental age of 20? 20 16 = 12.5 X 100 = 125

Do the Math… http://www.mensa.org/workout optional A 8 year old has a mental age of 10, what is her IQ? A 12 year old has the mental age of 9, what is his IQ? A boy has the mental age of 10 and an IQ of 200, how old is he? 125 75 5 http://www.mensa.org/workout optional

Problems with the IQ Formula It does not really work well on adults, why? This is a 60 year old man does as well as an average 30 year old then his IQ would be 50!!!!!! That makes no sense!!!!!

Is intelligence one thing or several different abilities? To find out scientists use FACTOR ANALYSIS: A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test. Charles Spearman used FA to discovery his g or (general intelligence). He saw using FA that doing well in one area of a test predicted that you will do well in another.

Spearmint Gum Spearman’s g

Spearman If people score high in one area, they tend to score high in another. Very controversial then and now (Battle of the Brains next class)

General Intelligence L. L. Thurstone, a critic of Spearman, analyzed his subjects NOT on a single scale of general intelligence, but on seven clusters of primary mental abilities including: Word Fluency Verbal Comprehension Spatial Ability Perceptual Speed Numerical Ability Inductive Reasoning Memory

Water lilies double in area every 24 hours Water lilies double in area every 24 hours. At the beginning of the summer there is one water lily on a lake. It takes 60 days for the lake to become covered with water lilies. On what day is the lake half covered? A farmer has 17 sheep/ All but nine break through a hole in the fence and wander away. How many are left? With a 7 minute hourglass and an 11-minute hourglass, how can you time the boiling of an egg for 15 minutes?

Multiple Intelligences Howard Gardner disagreed with Spearman’s g and instead came up with the concept of multiple intelligences. He came up with the idea by studying savants (a condition where a person has limited mental ability but is exceptional in one area). Quiz!

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Visual/Spatial Verbal/Linguistic Logical/Mathematical Bodily/Kinesthetic Musical/Rhythmic Interpersonal Intrapersonal Natural

Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Discovering Psy Fig 7.7 page 263

Are There Multiple Intelligences? Savant Syndrome condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill computation drawing

Emotional Intelligence (EQ) First called social intelligence. The ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions. Some studies show EQ to be a greater predictor for future success than IQ

Daniel Goleman’s Theory of EQ The ability to feel, deal with, and recognize emotions makes up its own kind of intelligence. Aspects of this theory include: Emotional self-awareness: knowing what we are feeling and why Managing and harnessing emotions: knowing how to control and respond to feelings appropriately Empathy: knowing what another person is feeling

Perceptual Speed The correlation between intelligence score and the speed of taking in perceptual information tends to be about +.4 to +.5. Those who perceive quickly tend to score somewhat higher on intelligence tests, particularly tests based on perceptual rather than verbal problem solving.

Assessing Intelligence Aptitude Test a test designed to predict a person’s future performance aptitude is the capacity to learn ASVAB, SAT (college) Achievement Test a test designed to assess what a person has learned SAT (Stanford Achievement Test)

Aptitude and Achievement Tests Aptitude tests are intended to predict your ability to learn a new skill and achievement tests are intended to reflect what you have already learned. SAT to ACT 1600= 36 1400= 32 1200=26 1000= 21 800 = 16 600 = 12 400 = no equivalents OBJECTIVE 32-2| Distinguish between aptitude and achievement tests, and describe the modern test of mental abilities, such as the WAIS.

Assessing Intelligence Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) most widely used intelligence test subtests verbal performance (nonverbal) WAIS measures overall intelligence, and in addition 11 other aspects related to intelligence designed to assess clinical and educational problems.

Webquest Use your chromebooks to complete the webquest: The Evolution of Intelligence and Psychsim 5