Deciduous Forest

Coniferous and Deciduous Forests

Coniferous Forests

Temperate Rainforests Tongass Rainforest in USA largest—Alaskan Coast

Coniferous forests https://video.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?fr=yhs-iba-1&hsimp=yhs-1&hspart=iba&p=coniferous+forest+video#id=2&vid=fb9492557837d83108c67562cdac2559&action=click

Coniferous Forests Coniferous means “cone-bearing” Coniferous trees, or conifers, produce seed cones The cones hold the seeds The leaf of a conifer is the needle Needles help conserve water b/c they are long, thin and covered in thick wax Most conifers are evergreen, meaning they do not lose all their leaves at one time during the year. It happens slowly through the entire year Pine, hemlock, fir, and spruce, are common in coniferous forests Also aspen & birch which have broad leaves

Where Mostly in subarctic regions of North America, Europe, and Asia Climate Warm summers, 2-5 months Long, cold, dry winters 40-200 cm of precipitation/yr (rain in summer, snow in winter) Limiting factors Must be able to survive harsh winters, soil is frozen so no moisture Soil is poor and acidic Ferns, lichen, sphagnum moss can grow on forest floor

Boreal Forest - Taiga

Tree Adaptations Taiga--- slanted tree branches to allow snow to fall off easily Flexible trunks to allow for strong winds Waxy resin on needles to hold in moisture.

Boreal Forest locations

Pine Needles Pairs of needles -Pine tree Square needles -Spruce Flat needles -Fir Hemlock -Flat triangular needles on either side

Coniferous Trees - Taiga Because the climate of the taiga is very cold, there is not a large variety of plant life. The most common type of tree found in the taiga is the conifer--trees that have cones. Four kinds of conifers are common in the taiga. Three of the common conifers are hemlock, spruce, fir, and pine.

Evergreens The taiga soil doesn't contain many nutrients, and the sun usually remains low in the sky. These two factors limit the amount of energy available to the tree. By keeping their leaves, the evergreens are able to use that limited energy for structural growth rather than producing leaves

Podzolization The process by which soils are depleted of bases and become acidic from leaching of pine needles Podzolization occurs in cool and moist climates under pine forests. They are typical of the colder portions of the humid continental and subarctic climates like taiga.

Soil in the Taiga Soil is characterized by an upper dark organic zone overlying a white to gray zone formed by leaching, overlying a reddish-orange zone formed by the deposition of iron oxide, alumina, and organic matter. Podzols form in coniferous areas or under heath vegetation in cool, humid climates.

Animals of the Boreal Forest

Animal adaptations seed eaters; ex: mice, squirrels, jays, rodents, other birds Insects are common in summer when soil is moist and poorly drained Large herbivores feed on plants and bark; ex: moose, elk, beaver, and snowshoe hares Many species migrate, hibernate or live under the snow All have thick body covers to protect from cold

Logging in Coniferous Forests Large stretches of coniferous forests in Soviet Union and North America haven’t been logged because of harsh climate But the need for wood is growing Governments of Soviet Union are selling these lands because they are in need of money

Deciduous Forest https://video.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?fr=yhs-iba-1&hsimp=yhs-1&hspart=iba&p=deciduous+forests+video#id=34&vid=8f18431900368d58425db763b1544014&action=view

Deciduous Forests Temperate zones climates with four, well-defined seasons Most forests in temperate zones are deciduous examples:maple, oak, beech, ash, hickory, birch Climate Temps vary greatly, 30 degrees celcius in summer to -30 degrees celcius in winter Precipitation is about 50-300 cm/yr Precipitation is in snow or rain, and falls regularly through entire year.

Tree adaptations Have to adapt to varying climate Growing season is about 6 months, tree grows quickly and stores large amounts of food During fall, tree sheds its leaves and becomes dormant. This helps conserve water during winter Trees feed off of their stored food until spring, when grow new leaves

Animals of Deciduous Forest Mammals that can be found include bears, raccoons, squirrels, skunks, wood mice, and deer. Animals like bobcats, elk, bison, mountain lions, timber wolves, and coyotes used to be found in the deciduous forests, but have been hunted down by humans and almost wiped out

Animals and organisms a deep, rich layer soil, or humus, exists because of falling leaves decaying quickly in moist soil which can support diverse community of animals, insects, and organisms Fungi & decomposers, insects live in leaf litter and fallen trees Birds, mice, small mammals feed on them White-tailed deer are common, Reptiles, amphibians, in warm forests Predators include: wolves, mountain lions, birds of prey, foxes

Human Influence Deciduous forests used to stretch across Europe and Asia, and covered eastern US Very little of that remains today Replaced by farms, orchards, and urban development

Why Deciduous Forests????? rich soil makes it great for farmland if trees are removed Deciduous trees have harder wood than conifers, so they are better for making furniture and flooring Trees also used as fuel Replacing Deciduous Forests replanted to restore very slow, because it must also bring back lost species

Deforestation destruction of forest as a result of human activity--in 1950, more than 10% of Earth’s land was rainforest; now it is down to 6% and decreasing due to destruction from developing countries, population growth, logging, farming, mining Animals habitats are quickly destroyed, especially since the ecosystem is vertical (goes up, not spread out) One acre cleared will destroy millions of habitats This (biodiversity loss) is the most serious issue with rainforest destruction

Deforestation and climate 101 https://video.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?fr=yhs-iba-1&hsimp=yhs-1&hspart=iba&p=human+impact+on+forests+video#id=23&vid=27f958bf681425b929a75911bea95ca9&action=view https://video.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?fr=yhs-iba-1&hsimp=yhs-1&hspart=iba&p=deforestation+impacts+video#id=1&vid=27f958bf681425b929a75911bea95ca9&action=click

We can help save our forests by: Recycling - the more paper we recycle, the less trees we have to be cut down. For every tree we cut down, plant two more. Do not purchase products made of wood or purchase the at a higher quality so they last longer.