Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe the BIG idea Our Sun is one of billions of stars in one of billions of galaxies in the universe. 22.1 The Sun is our local star. 22.2 Stars change over their life cycles. 22.3 Galaxies have different sizes and shapes. 22.4 The universe is expanding. CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER RESOURCES

22.1 The Sun is our local star. The Sun produces energy from hydrogen. Energy flows through the Sun’s layers. Features appear on the Sun’s surface. http://www.brevardastro.org/albums/UniverseScale/photo1.html fusion atmosphere interior layers convection corona sunspot solar flares prominence magnetic storms solar wind auroras SIMULATION CLASSZONE.COM View the Sun at different wavelengths. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Stars change over their life cycles. 22.2 Stars change over their life cycles. Stars vary in brightness, size, color, and temperature. The development of a star depends on the mass of the star. light-year Most stars are grouped with one or more companion stars. parallax black hole lower-mass star giant star white dwarf supernovas higher-mass stars supergiants neutron star nebula main sequence neutron star black hole CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Galaxies have different sizes and shapes. 22.3 Galaxies have different sizes and shapes. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is a spiral galaxy. Galaxies can also be quasar Irregular galaxies have no definite shape. elliptical or irregular. Spiral Galaxy Elliptical Galaxy Irregular Galaxy CLASSZONE.COM VISUALIZATION Explore the different shapes of galaxies in the universe. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

The universe is expanding. 22.4 The universe is expanding. Galaxies are moving farther a part in the universe. Scientists are investigating the origin and development of the universe. Doppler effect big bang CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

The Sun is our local star. 22.1 The Sun is our local star. I. The Sun is our local star. fusion A. The Sun produces energy from hydrogen. convection B. Energy flows through the Sun’s layers. corona 1. The Sun’s Interior sunspot 2. The Sun’s Atmosphere solar wind 3. Features on the Sun 4. Solar Wind CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Stars change over their life cycles. 22.2 Stars change over their life cycles. II. Stars change over their life cycles. light-year A. We classify stars by their characteristics. parallax 1. Brightness and Distance nebula 2. Size main sequence 3. Color and Temperature neutron star B. Stars have life cycles. black hole 1. Stages in the Life Cycles of Stars 2. Neutron Stars and Black Holes CHAPTER RESOURCES 3. Star Systems KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Galaxies have different sizes and shapes. 22.3 Galaxies have different sizes and shapes. III. Galaxies have different sizes and shapes. quasar A. Our solar system lies within the Milky Way galaxy. B. Galaxies vary in appearance. 1. Types of Galaxies 2. Centers of Galaxies CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

The universe is expanding. 22.4 The universe is expanding. IV. The universe is expanding. Doppler effect A. Galaxies are moving farther apart in the universe. big bang 1. Looking Back in Time 2. The Motion of Galaxies B. Scientists are investigating the origin of the universe. 1. Evidence of the Big Bang 2. Development of the Universe CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

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