“If I read a book and it makes my whole body so cold no fire can warm me I know that is poetry. If I feel physically as if the top of my head were taken off, I know that is poetry. These are the only wayS I know it. Is there any other way?”  Emily Dickinson

Elements of poetry Poetry is a type of literature in which words are chosen (diction) and arranged in specific ways to create an effect. The person “speaking” in the poem is the speaker. The author and the speaker are not necessarily the same person.

Form and types of poetry Stanza – similar to a paragraph in prose/ a unit of verse 2 lines = couplet 3 lines = tercet 4 lines = quatrain Line break – where the line of poetry ends The end of a line of poetry does not always signal the end of a sentence or thought. When you come to a comma, pause. When you come to a semicolon or end mark, stop. TYPES OF POETRY NARRATIVE - tells a story/has a conflict and a plot LYRIC - subject matter is emotion or nature BLANK- poetry whose end words rhyme but there is no meter FREE – poetry whose end words do not rhyme and there is no meter RHYMED – has meter and end rhyme Form and types of poetry

Types of Rhyme and rhyme scheme RHYME- the repetition of sounds End Rhyme: words at the end of the line rhyme (most common) Internal Rhyme: words at the end of the line of poetry Rhyme Scheme: a pattern of rhyme that repeats across the lines (abab) Listen my children and you shall here - A Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere - A On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five; B Hardly a man is now alive B Who remembers that famous day and year A The rhyme scheme is AABBA. Types of Rhyme and rhyme scheme

METER AND FEET Types of Meter 2 syllables: iambic – 1st syllable unstressed / 2nd syllable stressed EX. Be fore trochaic – 1st syllable stressed / 2nd syllable unstressed EX: glo ry Types of Feet Monometer – 1 ft. Dimeter – 2 ft Trimeter – 3 ft Tetramenter – 4 ft. Pentameter – 5 ft. RHYTHM: the musical quality of a poem/ the beat Meter – the beat or pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables Count the number of syllables in each line. Divide / every two or three syllables into a group called a foot. Decide which syllables have the stress ‘ and which do not u. METER AND FEET

Imagery / denotation & connotation Denotation: the literal meaning of a word/subject; the dictionary meaning Connotation: the figurative meaning of a word/subject; the emotional meaning of the word Denotations Connotations cherub son of a king ambitious and desires prince light from the sun innocent and childlike fox a wolf-like mammal noble and admirable dream an angel clever or sneaky sunshine visions during sleep warmth & happiness Imagery – gives the poem meaning and elicits (gets) an emotional reaction from the reader Types of Imagery 1. visual 2. auditory 3. olfactory 4. tactile 5. kinetic 6. taste Imagery / denotation & connotation

Figurative Language & sound devices Sound Devices Assonance: repetitive vowel sounds within a line of poetry EX: “This is the ship of pearl, which poets feign.” (short i sound) Consonance: repetition of consonant sounds not at the beginning EX: “A soul admitted to itself Finite Infinity “ (s& f sounds) Alliteration: repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of a word(s) EX: “I will go to the west wall,” Onomatopoeia: words that imitate sounds Figurative Language: abstract meanings to create imagery simile/metaphor: comparison hyperbole: exaggeration allusion: reference to history, the Bible, literature, etc. / type of metaphor personification: giving an inanimate object human qualities symbol: something concrete stands for something abstract Figurative Language & sound devices