Ischemic preconditioning ameliorates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury by triggering autoregulation  Cheng-Loong Liang, MD, Kang Lu, MD, PhD, Po-Chou.

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Ischemic preconditioning ameliorates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury by triggering autoregulation  Cheng-Loong Liang, MD, Kang Lu, MD, PhD, Po-Chou Liliang, MD, Tai-Been Chen, PhD, Samuel H.H. Chan, PhD, Han-Jung Chen, MD, PhD  Journal of Vascular Surgery  Volume 55, Issue 4, Pages 1116-1123 (April 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.09.096 Copyright © 2012 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Tarlov scores are represented in the four groups on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Tarlov scores in the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group were significantly lower than those in the sham (S), ischemic preconditioning (P), and P+I/R groups (n = 6 in each group) on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. The error bars show the standard deviation. *P < .001. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2012 55, 1116-1123DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2011.09.096) Copyright © 2012 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Representative photomicrographs of lumbar spinal cord sections are stained by immunostaining with neuronal nuclear antigen in the sham (S), ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), ischemia preconditioning (P), and the P+I/R groups (n = 6 in each group). The numbers of survival motor neurons (red neuronal cell) in the four groups are shown on day 7 after reperfusion. *P < .001. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2012 55, 1116-1123DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2011.09.096) Copyright © 2012 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Spinal cord blood flow in the four groups is represented. The arrows indicate aortic occlusion and the arrowheads indicate release of aortic occlusion. A, Sham (S) and ischemic preconditioning (P) groups. *P < .001. **P = .001-.043. B, Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and P+I/R groups (n = 6 in each group). *P < .001. **P < .001. ***P = .016-.045. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2012 55, 1116-1123DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2011.09.096) Copyright © 2012 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Spinal cord tissue oxygenation in the four groups is represented. The arrows indicate aortic occlusion and the arrowheads indicate release of aortic occlusion. A, Sham (S) and ischemic preconditioning (P) groups. *P < .001. **P = .026-.043. ***P = .032-.043. B, Ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R) and P+I/R groups (n = 6 in each group). *P < .001. **P = .003-.004. ***P = .001-.038. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2012 55, 1116-1123DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2011.09.096) Copyright © 2012 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions