State Department for Public Works Kenya Building Research Centre REPUBLIC OF KENYA State Department for Public Works Kenya Building Research Centre Role of Technology in Enhancing Affordable Housing Programme Delivery

INTRODUCTION The Constitution of Kenya, 2010, Article 43 (1) provides among others that every person has the right to:- accessible and adequate housing, and to reasonable standards of sanitation, And clean and safe water in adequate quantities

Introduction Cont. AHP is an initiative by the Government of Kenya, to avail decent and quality 500,000 housing units to low-income groups by 2022. In Kenya, the estimated cost of construction is about 55,000 Kshs/M2. Given the pressure to deliver, there is a need to incorporate cost efficient, innovative and environmentally friendly technology.

Technology Technology simply refers to use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Internationally, attempts have been made to make housing more affordable and accessible through technology incorporating:- new planning and cost management systems application of innovative construction method, the use of affordable materials lowered maintenance cost in terms of energy and water efficiency

Role of Technology in Building Designs Planning and Cost Management Systems Software can be used in planning, design and construction management.

Role of Technology in Building Designs Building Information Modeling (BIM) is key in efficient designing, planning and facility management. BIM facilitates collecting information about buildings under construction on regular basis and enhances communication among the players. Computer aided design software assist in flawless designs, enable computer simulation of buildings detecting problems before ground breaking

Construction Technology Innovations Advancements in Construction Technology has introduced many innovations into the industry, which has seen stronger buildings constructed with less time, e.g. by the use of Pre-stressed concrete members. Technology for on-site activities have similarly advanced.

Construction Technology Innovations In-situ construction Reusable plastic molded formwork together with liquid or pliable material e.g concrete eliminates plastering, chasing, beam filling hence minimize waste. This can potentially reduce large-scale construction cost by 26%-37% and also take shorter time to construct

Construction Technology Innovations Load Bearing Steel Frame A modular construction system that combines pre-engineered steel building frame with ready-to- install panels of insulated fibre cement walls. It saves time and construction costs.

Construction Technology Innovations Prefabricated modular units Are standard sections of a house. manufactured in a factory, transported and then assembled on-site and can potentially reduce construction costs by about 30%. Examples are expanded polystyrene (EPS) panels, galvanised steel and fibre cement.

Building Materials Traditional Materials Building materials cover more than half of the total construction budget. The challenge of traditional materials towards delivery of decent mass housing. Time consuming Wastage Costly

Innovative Building Materials Cement Cement is sprayed on steel wire mesh that sandwiches polystyrene foam to form EPS panels. Cement is also used in making of hollow interlocking blocks that reduce the use of mortar.

Innovative Building Materials WOOD There are materials like wood plastic composite, made of waste wood and recycled plastic. MDF is a type of hardboard made from wood fibres glued under intense heat and pressure. MDF is used in making wood veneer doors or melamine veneers for cabinetry

Innovative Building Materials BAMBOO Bamboo is a sustainable substitute for wood, it can be used to make doors and windows It can also be used for parquet flooring. It can be used for structural purposes in simple housing

Innovative Building Materials LIGHT GAUGE STEEL Is a suitable alternative for wooden trusses given the high cost of wood caused by logging bans.

Energy and Water Efficiency Technology Energy Efficiency refers to a more effective utilization of primary energy resources to provide a desired energy service while minimizing the cost and impact on the environment. The benefits among others include:- Reducing the costs of energy to homes. Reduced dependency on energy imports Reducing the negative impacts on the environment Reducing the risks—due to greater predictability of cost and environmental impacts

Energy Efficiency 1. Solar Water Heating The Kenya Solar water heating regulations of 2012 by the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) Property owners were required to install solar water systems in their houses, as an energy efficiency measure.

Energy Efficiency SOLAR PANELS AND WIND GENERATORS On-site renewable energy that is generated from natural resources such as water, sunlight and wind Smaller version of wind generators can be used to generate electricity for the Units.

Energy Efficiency ENERGY MONITORS Display consumption of energy, minute by minute. It is attached to the mains cable, then transmits a wireless signal to a display. It shows the precise amount of power being consumed. A green, energy-efficient building isn't just good for the environment. It saves money, reduces financial risk from rising energy costs

Energy Efficiency SMART INSTALLATIONS Smart home appliances (motion sensors for lighting controls, LED bulbs contributes to energy saving .

Energy Efficiency Integrate solar energy (thermal and electricity) such as photovoltaic and solar water heaters; wind energy, biogas and other available renewable energy systems into the building design

Water Efficiency and waste Management Technology is used in the: Management of water supply systems Supply adequate amounts of water Improve efficiency of water use in homes Manage waste water properly from homes

Water Efficiency and waste Management WATER SUPPLY Achieved through piped water and harvesting rain water.

Water Efficiency and waste Management

Water Efficiency and waste Management BIO-DIGESTER Digests organic material, anaerobically (without air) and produces methane gas used for cooking, lighting and heating 

Benefits of Technology. Energy Savings Environmental Sustainability Asset Values Micro Economic Development Industrial Productivity Energy Security Energy Access Public Budgets Disposable Income Reduce Local Air pollution Improved Health and Wellbeing

CONCLUSION The Design and development of Affordable Housing to be undertaken through the use of materials and technologies which are environmentally friendly and resource-efficient throughout the facilities life-cycle: from planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition.

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