Nationalism Triumphs in Europe Chapter 22 Nationalism Triumphs in Europe

Sections 1 Building a German Nation The Push for Economic Unity Zollverein – Economic Union Bismarck Unites Germany Otto von Bismarck becomes Prime Minister – 1862 Realpolitik Strengthening the Army Austro-Prussian War – Prussia gains lands Franco Prussian War – German states unite to defeat France Germany is unified – Birth of the Second Reich William I becomes Kaiser

Section 2 Germany Strengthens Germany becomes an Industrial Power After unification, Germany shared many of the same advantages as Britain Rapid Industrial Growth Leading nation in Science and Technology The Iron Chancellor Bismarck named Chancellor Kulturkampf – Catholics pay loyalty to state above Church Other Religious Persecution Attempts to end Socialism in Germany William II becomes Emperor – Dismisses Bismarck

Section 3 Unification of Italy The Rise of Nationalism Guiseppe Mazzini – Young Italy Risorgimento - 1848 Sardinia: Leader of the Unification Movement Strengthening Sardinia Count Camillo di Cavour – Prime Minister Victor Emmanuel II - King

Sardinia (cont.) Forming Alliances Combining Forces Crimean War – Alliances with Britain and France (Napoleon III) Combining Forces Giuseppe Garibaldi Red Shirts Garibaldi and Cavour join to unify Italy

Section 4 Nationalism Threatens Old Empires Hapsburg Empire (Austria) Declines Successes of Italian and German Unifications – Austria loses land/control Multinational Empire Formation of the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary

The Ottoman Empire “The Sick man of Europe” Serbia and Greece gain independence Constant attacks from Russia, Austria-Hungary, France and Britain for land Ottoman Empire officially falls after WWI

Section 5 Russia: Reform and Reaction A troubled Empire Feudalism still exists – not industrialized Russia’s loss in the Crimean War show’s weakness Alexander II sets up reform Ends Feudalism – emancipation of the Serfs Establishes Zemstvos Radicals assassinate Alexander II in 1881 Alexander II returns to absolute rule Russia persecutes Jews - Pogroms Alexander II

Drive to Industrialize Industrialization under Alexander III and Nicholas II Building of the Trans-Siberian Railroad Russia loses the Russo-Japanese War Loss sparks the Revolution of 1905 Nicholas II issues reforms Establishes a Duma – elected legislature Russia is still in unrest when WWI begins