Greenlight Europe How excellent Lighting Maintenance can play its part in helping to reduce global CO2 emissions

Consider this….. n Lighting represents 20% Irish electricity consumption and therefore energy- efficient lighting schemes can help to reduce costs. n In retail it can be up to 40% When did you last look at your lighting installation?

Some means to achieving energy savings on your lighting installation Points to consider The C.I.B.S.E. guidelines and how these may be applied Latest energy saving technologies Lamps Lighting Controls

Why should you plan your lighting maintenance? n Not servicing your car will save you money in the short term. However, how long will the car last? FACTS n All lamps have a finite life n Output of lamps deteriorates from the moment they are switched on n Light output will also reduce through an accumulation of dust/ dirt on lamps

n Recommendation is that Designer should obtain decision from the client on the maintenance policy to be implemented throughout the life of the installation. n If this cannot be achieved, the designer must clearly state the assumed maintenance programme used to calculate and justify the value of initial illuminance. In turn, this will influence the electrical load and therefore the electricity cost. It will also influence the capital cost. n Maintenance includes replacement of failed or deteriorated lamps and control gear, the cleaning of luminaires and cleaning and redecoration of room surfaces at suitable intervals. n When designing for maintained illuminance the proposed lamp replacement procedure must be considered at the initial design stage of the installation. CIBSE Guidelines 1994 Maintenance of Lighting Installation

Maintained Illuminance - The minimum light level over the task area immediately prior to cleaning/relamping cycles. Maintained illuminance includes lumen maintenance factor, lamp survival factor, luminaire maintenance factor & room surface maintenance factor. Lighting design illuminance should not fall below the recommended value. This can mean higher initial illuminance and installed loads. To minimise the increases, maintenance procedures become a more important element in the design process. Design Maintenance Illuminance is the recommended Illuminance used in the lighting Specification.It is based on the task & contrast and the time duration at the task. Standard Maintained Illuminance Values are provided by the CIBSE Code for Lighting What is Maintained IIluminance?

n Two factors to consider when determining the timing of lamp replacement: n Change in light output n Probability of lamp failure. n For majority of installations the most sensible procedure is to replace all the lamps at planned intervals- group relamping. n Group replacement has visual, electrical and financial advantages over the alternative spot replacement. n Visually- installation has uniform appearance. n Electrically---- reduces the risk of damage to control gear caused by faulty operation of lamps nearing end of life. n Financially---- arrange replacement when it causes minimum disturbance to interior, tie-in with luminaire cleaning. CIBSE Lighting Guidelines 1994 Lamp Replacement

1.AVERAGE RATED LIFE n The average rated life of a lamp is the result of a test in the laboratory. n Under this test, lamps are run in an environment which is:- n a.Constant temperature n b.Constant voltage n c.Still air n d.Dirt free n e.Regular switching n f.Vibration free n g.Constant operating position n h.Same control gear n Under these conditions, the point in time when 50% of the lamps have failed is deemed to be their average rated life. THE CASE FOR PLANNED LIGHTING MAINTENANCE

UNPLANNED 1. Uneven light levels 2. Never Optimum light level 3. Increased control gear failure 4. Ineffective Use of Energy 5. Safety implications 6 Lamp disposal problems 7. Disruption to workplace 8. Uncontrolled costs COSTLY PLANNED 1. Uniform Light levels 2. Optimum light level achieved 3. Minimal lighting failures 4. Effective Use of Energy 5. Designed task levels 6. Compliant lamp disposal 7. Planned non-disruptive 8. Budgeted costs COST EFFECTIVE Maintaining Lighting Effectiveness

Who will change the lamps? Who will repair or replace faulty control gear? Who will identify if control gear is at fault? Are these people qualified? If they are not qualified, what are the Health & Safety issues and what are the potential liabilities for my business? What is their normal job? If they are taken from their normal job, what is the cost to my business? What level of productivity can you expect from an in-house engineer carrying out lighting repairs? Bright Staff Like A Bright workspace! How do I measure this productivity? Who orders the lamps? How long does it take us to source and order the correct lamps? What is the cost? Is there an additional delivery cost? What is the cost of Access to reach high fittings? Where are my lamps stored - are they safe? Is my other stock endangered by the glass and toxic metals contained in modern lamps? But good lighting needs good maintenance...

Retaining Louvre Categorisation Dust Reflects light within Clean mirrored surface reflects luminaire, which reduces maximum light downwards and minimises downward light output and glare from luminaire in VDU screens creates glare in VDU screensthereby retaining CAT 1/2 classification Before CleaningAfter Ultrasonic Cleaning

n EU legislation on recycling of fluorescent tubes due in 2002/3 n Legislation exists in Germany, Belgium, France n Mercury contained in tubes is hazardous n Remains in the environment n Liquid and volatile at room temperature n Long-lasting effects. n Legislation will demand ecological treatment rather than disposal. Focus on Environment Management of Hazardous Waste

New Technologies Lamps n 8ft fluorescent tubes n Halophosphate versus Triphosphate lamps n High Frequency control gear n Reflex lamps n MasterPAR n T5 Lamps n HID alternatives

Introduction n Why use Lighting Controls ? n Principal Lighting Control Techniques n Example Systems n Future Developments Why Use Lighting Controls ? Construction process n Time is money n Lack of skilled labour n leads to high cost

Conventional wiring Individual ceiling rose Labour intensive Conventional installation Installation Techniques n Lighting Control Modules provide multiple socket outlets n ELV Switching n Simple plug in sensors n Modular wiring n Factory implementation

Benefits to the Installation Process n Faster installation n Reduced materials n Use of unskilled labour Controls for Comfort and Flexibility n User comfort = productivity n Flexibility to change office layouts quickly and at minimum cost Industry & Warehousing n Central Manual Control n Daylight Based Switching

Energy Efficiency n The largest cost of a light fitting is the energy it consumes throughout its life n Environmental issues - Greenlight Europe n Enhanced Capital Allowances for implementation of green technology

Dimming n Increased control options n Maintain comfortable environment n Energy savings Time Scheduling Alone does not always produce savings Should not be imposed on the user Use to enable/disable presence detectors Typical uses: Retail, Industry, Signage

Local User Overrides Use in combination with other controls Infra Red - avoid the cost of switch drops

Presence Detection PIR/Ultrasonic or Microwave ? Coverage Time-outs Sensor responses vary wildly Think about the user of the space !

Daylight Linking External control - car parks, amenity lighting Solar threshold switching - warehouses, malls, atria Daylight dimming - offices, retail, hospitals, schools.

What is in it for your company? n Saving money and improving profit margins n Reduces environmental consequences of your organisations activities n Creating working environments that support staff productivity n Process and product quality improvements n Making buildings easier to operate and maintain effectively n There is help for you to achieve real improvements

Energy Management n Monitor energy use- know where it goes n Implement a corporate policy n Involve & motivate all staff n Identify no-cost, low-cost quick wins n Invest in larger improvements n Effectively maintain your equipment

Future Developments More Intelligent Sensors - combining lighting with heating, Integration of Building Systems Control Bus Wars Exploitation of the Internet/Intranet protocols, Voice Control Wireless/RF Communications D.A.L.I.

DALI Benefits n Addressing - Simple wiring, flexible n Digital - Switching within ballast reducing costs, polarity free n Industry Standard - Compatibility, Easy Specification n Feedback - Lamp/ Ballast Status reporting in BMS systems

DALI Applications Local Room Control n Single Controller for Several Circuits, Flexible Intelligent Luminaires n Reduced Switch Cost, Presets stored in ballast BMS n Reduced cost controllers, Power monitoring, lamp failure feedback, emergency options