Effect of vaginal probiotic lactobacilli on in vitro–induced sperm lipid peroxidation and its impact on sperm motility and viability  Arcangelo Barbonetti, M.D., Benedetta Cinque, Ph.D., Maria Rosaria Caterina Vassallo, Ph.D., Salvatore Mineo, Ph.D., Sandro Francavilla, M.D., Maria Grazia Cifone, Ph.D., Felice Francavilla, M.D.  Fertility and Sterility  Volume 95, Issue 8, Pages 2485-2488 (June 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.03.066 Copyright © 2011 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 (A) Typical double fluorescence dot plots of flow cytometry analysis of sperm lipid peroxidation evaluated with BODIPY C11 (5 μM). Lipid peroxidation was induced by sperm exposure to 640 μM FeSO4 for 20 minutes (middle), as indicated by the increase in BODIPY C11 green fluorescence (FL1-H) and concomitant decrease in red fluorescence (FL2-H), compared with the control (top). A 30-minute preincubation of spermatozoa with the probiotic mix of lactobacilli (1 × 108 CFU) prevented Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation (bottom). (B) Means ± SEM of 10 independent flow cytometric experiments with different subjects. ANOVA revealed highly significant effects owing to treatment for both red (P<0.001) and green (P<0.01) fluorescence. ∗P<0.05 vs. all others (Tukey’s HSD test). (C) Effects of probiotics on the ability of Fe2+ to affect sperm motility and viability. Overall significance for treatment variation: P<0.001, with ANOVA for both motility and viability; ∗P<0.05 vs. all others (Tukey’s HSD test). VCL = curvilinear velocity; VSL = straight line velocity; VAP = average pathway velocity. Fertility and Sterility 2011 95, 2485-2488DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.03.066) Copyright © 2011 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions