School be better if there were no teachers. Do Now: Four Corners Read the following statement School be better if there were no teachers. Go stand in the corner of the room that best represents your opinion Be prepared to defend your position

The enlightenment Was an intellectual movement in the 1600’s where philosophers reexamined ideas about society. Began with the ideas of Hobbes and Locke who came up with opposing ideas about government and human nature.

Hobbes: Social Contract Believed people were naturally selfish and wicked People need government to keep order Ruler should have total power In return for that power ruler’s job is to provide law and order This agreement is called the “social contract”

Locke: Natural Rights People learn from their experiences and can improve. People can govern themselves. Everyone is born free with 3 natural rights life, liberty, and property. The government protects these rights.

Locke: Consent of the Governed Power is given to the government by the people

DO YOU AGREE MORE WITH HOBBES OR LOCKE? Quotes Hobbes tried to envision what society would be like in a "state of nature" -- life would be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short", a "war of every man against every man".   Locke, however, had more faith in mankind saying: “And reason...teaches all mankind who will but consult it, that being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions.” DO YOU AGREE MORE WITH HOBBES OR LOCKE?

Voltaire: Combat Intolerance Used satire against the clergy, aristocracy, and government. He fought with his pen for tolerance, reason, and freedom of speech and religion. Can you think of any modern day examples of comedy being used to affect social change?

Montesquieu: Separation of Powers Believed Britain was the best governed country of his time because they divided power. Power split between a king and parliament. He called this separation of powers. He proposed that separation of powers kept any group from becoming too powerful. (checks and balances) His thoughts became the basis for the US Constitution. Can you think of any issues in the news that are affected by checks and balances or separation of powers?

Beccaria: Promoter of Criminal Justice Laws exist to keep order, not avenge crimes. Argued for a speedy trial and no torture; punishment should be equal to the crime. Government should provide the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Influenced criminal law in Europe and North America.

Legacy of the enlightenment While not revolutionaries, these philosophers inspired the American and French Revolutions. Left a belief in progress, the end of slavery, social equality, and democratic government. Importance of the individual Use reason to determine right from wrong. The idea that a government exists to help the people.

Exit Ticket: Philosophical Application Revisit the statement from the Do Now: Schools would be better if there were no teachers. Select an Enlightenment philosopher and defend your position from their perspective. Your response should be 3-5 sentences in length and include evidence to support your claim.

Extra Credit Create a meme that reflects the philosophy of one of the Enlightenment philosophers we discussed today.