Chapter 11 Section 4 How does heat move through the atmosphere?

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 11 Section 4 How does heat move through the atmosphere? Objective: Explain how the atmosphere is heated.

Key Terms conduction: transfer of heat through matter by direct contact convection: process by which heat is transferred through a liquid or a gas

Conduction Heat moves through Earth’s atmosphere in three main ways. These ways are conduction, radiation, and convection.

Conduction The troposphere, or lower layer of the atmosphere, is heated by a process that moves heat through matter. A metal pan placed over a flame will get hot. The metal molecules directly over the flame begin to move faster. This is how heat moves through the metal pan.

Conduction Heat generally moves from an area of higher temperature to an area of lower temperature. This kind of movement of heat through matter is called conduction.

Conduction Sunlight absorbed by Earth’s surface is changed into heat. This warms the surface. Air touches the warmed surface and is heated by conduction.

NAME: How does heat move through matter?

Radiation The atmosphere is also heated by the process of radiation. Radiant energy travels from the Sun through space in waves.

Radiation Most of the Sun’s energy is short-wave radiation. This radiation passes easily through the atmosphere and strikes Earth’s surface, where it is mostly absorbed and changed into heat energy.

Radiation Heat energy is long-wave radiation. Earth’s surface warms up and radiates most of the heat energy back into the atmosphere. There it is absorbed by gases. This warms the atmosphere.

2. DESCRIBE: What happens to the energy radiated by Earth?

Convection The process by which heat is transferred through a gas or liquid is called convection. When air is heated, it expands. As the warm air expands, it becomes lighter because it becomes less dense. Warm air is lighter than cool air. Warm air rises. The cooler, denser air sinks.

3. DEFINE: What is convection?

11-4 Classwork When a solid is heated, its ___ move faster. Solids are heated by ___. Earth’s radiant energy is ___-wave radiation. Energy traveling in waves from the Sun is called ___ energy. Heat moves through air by ___.

11-4 Classwork continued 6. IDENTIFY: Which of the following is conduction, which is radiation, and which is convection? The water in a fish tank becomes warmer after the heater in it is turned on. The Sun warms your skin on a summer day. A glass bowl is warmed by the steaming rice it contains. A burning log in a fireplace causes the temperature in a room to go up.

11-4 Classwork continued Use the picture below to answer the following questions. 7. EXPLAIN: Why does the balloon rise? 8. INFER: What does the flame do?