Controlled Substances

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Presentation transcript:

Controlled Substances Stimulants – “uppers” Triggers sympathetic nervous system Depressants – “downers” Triggers parasympathetic nervous system Hallucinogens

Controlled Substances Stimulants Cocaine Inhibits the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine Topical anesthetic Increases alertness, energy, feelings of competence Two forms: salt (powder) and base (crack) Currently cut with levamisole

Controlled Substances Stimulants Phenethylamines (PEAs) Methamphetamine Amphetamine “Bath salts” Similar to cocaine, but also can suppress appetite OD: irregular heartbeat, dilated pupils, flushed skin, teeth grinding, irritability

Controlled Substances Depressants Sedatives “calmers” – reduce anxiety Enhance effects of GABA Benzodiazepines, GHB, barbiturates, Quaaludes All pills

Controlled Substances Depressants Narcotics/Hypnotics Sleep-inducers – antihistamines, zolpidem Pills of all sorts Opiates

Controlled Substances Depressants Opiates Strong pain-killers, anti-diarrheals k-, m-opiod receptor agonists (b-endorphin) Euphoria, anti-anxiety Slows breathing and heart rate, lowers BP Heroin, oxycodone, fentanyl Metabolized in stomach

Controlled Substances Hallucinogens Everything else Serotonin releasers 5-HT2A receptor agonists Dissociatives (NMDA agonists) Cannabinoids

Controlled Substances Hallucinogens Serotonin releasers Ecstacy (MDMA, MDA, MDEA) Feelings of euphoria, empathy; overall enhancement of senses

Controlled Substances Hallucinogens 5-HT2A receptor agonists LSD, psilocybin, tryptamines, mescaline, NBOMes Sensory alterations – sound, sight

Controlled Substances Hallucinogens Dissociatives (NMDA agonists) PCP, Ketamine, Dextromethorphan Initially developed as anesthetics Mentally dissociate user from what they are experiencing Hallucinations, paranoia, aggressive behavior

Controlled Substances Hallucinogens Cannabinoids CB-1, CB-2 receptors CB-1 receptors not found in brain stem – can not depress respiration, cardiovascular function Relaxation, some euphoria “Spice compounds”