UNCG Department of environmental health and safety

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Presentation transcript:

UNCG Department of environmental health and safety Office Ergonomics UNCG Department of environmental health and safety

What is Ergonomics? ergo = work nomics = rules, laws Ergonomics is the rules of work “the science of designing the job to fit the worker, instead of forcing the worker to fit the job” Ergonomics is the science of fitting workplace conditions and job demands to the capabilities of the working population. Effective and successful "fits" assure high productivity, avoidance of illness and injury risks, and increased satisfaction among the workforce. -OSHA

What are the “Experts” saying… “A growing body of evidence suggests that chair-living is lethal”- James Levine (Mayo Clinic Endocrinologist) Study of 17,000 Canadians over 12 years reveals that those who sat for most of the day were 54% more likely to die of heart attacks than those who did not sit. - (Pennington Biomedical Research Center) No matter how much they weighed OR exercised! A study led by epidemiologist Steve Blair demonstrated a strong link between sedentary activity and death from heart disease among adult men. According to researchers at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington, people gain 16 pounds on average, within 8 months of starting sedentary office work.

What is Ergonomics Ideally, ergonomics will: Make the job safer by preventing injury and illness Make the job easier by adjusting the job to the worker Make the job more pleasant by reducing physical and mental stress

Ergonomic Factors Generally, ergonomic risk factors fall into one of two categories: Environmental stressors Physical stressors

Environmental Stressors Environmental stressors can affect your general comfort and health, these include: Excessive noise Improper lighting Temperature Indoor air quality

Physical Stressors Physical stressors place pressure or stress on parts of the body: Joints, muscles, nerves, tendons, bones Over time this stress can cause “Cumulative Trauma Disorders” (CTDs) in some individuals

Cumulative Trauma Disorders Cumulative = occurring gradually over a period of weeks, months, or years Trauma = bodily injury to nerves, tissues, tendons, or joints Disorders = physical ailments or abnormal conditions

Risk Factors for CTDs The main risk factors for office-related CTDs are: Repetition Awkward positions or posture Excessive pressure or force Another risk factor for CTDs would be: Vibration

Risk Factor: Repetition The majority of CTDs are caused by repetitive motions that would not result in injury if only performed once. Thousands of keystrokes typing Hours of filing, day after day Stamping dozens of papers Frequent lifting Repeated motions with computer mouse

Risk Factor: Awkward Positions Leaning forward at your desk Typing with wrists at an odd angle Raising shoulders while typing Reaching to use mouse Twisting neck to look at monitor or phone Lifting objects from below waist or above shoulders

Risk Factor: Excessive Force Typing with too much force or “pounding” the keys Contact pressure Lifting heavy boxes of paper or carrying office equipment Using improper grip

Garbage In… Result (Body Part) Stressor (Actions) Strain/Sprain Strain/Sprain Back or Shoulder Strain/Sprain Back Stressor (Actions) Awkward Posture Reaching/Bending Twisting w/Load Lifting w/Load

Reducing the Risk Factors Your body is designed to do work When it works in positions or postures in which it is designed to deal with physical stress, there is no problem, but when it is forced to perform under unnatural situations or for abnormal periods of time, problems can arise Almost all of the ergonomic stresses at work can be decreased by using the right equipment in the right position so that the body can perform in the right posture

Minimize Awkward Postures Use a “Neutral Posture” whenever possible Basic Neutral Lower Body Relief Back Relief Standing Neutral

Minimizing Awkward Postures The elbows should be at a comfortable angle while "hanging" at the sides from the shoulders The shoulders should remain relaxed in a lowered position while typing Avoid leaning forward at your desk Maintain natural “s” curve of your spine Support lower back Keep feet supported on floor or use a foot rest

Good Body Mechanics Use the Largest joints and muscles Use two hands to lift, even with light objects Avoid lifting w/forearm in full pronation (palm down) Slide or push & pull objects instead of lifting Avoid reaching Carry items close to body (waist level)

Arranging Your Workspace Arrange tools around your desk so you minimize the distance you have to reach for them. Divide your work space into three zones: Primary work zone - the distance from elbow to hand. Things you touch on a daily basis. Secondary work zone - within arm's reach. Use this zone to position those items that you use frequently, but don't need all the time. Reference zone - outside arm's reach. Use this zone for your least-often used items.

Ergonomic Chairs

Chair Set-Up 101 Chair Is the chair adjusted so that your hips are slightly higher than your knee with your feet touching the floor? YES NO NA Is there a 2 inch space between the front of the seat and the back of your knee when sitting? YES NO NA Does the back rest feel comfortable and is the lumbar spine curve supporting your lower back? YES NO NA Can the armrests be adjusted to maintain the forearms parallel to the floor? YES NO NA

Profiles

Computer Monitor Placed about an arms length away and directly in front of you, not at an angle Top of monitor should be at or slightly below eye level A document reader, if used, should be placed near monitor to reduce head movement

Monitor 101 Monitor Is the monitor directly in front of you when in use? YES NO NA Is the top of the monitor below eye level? YES NO NA Is the monitor located 28-36 inches away from your face? YES NO NA Have you had an eye exam lately?

Keyboard Placed directly in front of monitor Avoid awkward wrist positions Keyboard trays are recommended

Mouse Should be placed close to keyboard Same height or slightly higher than keyboard Move from elbow

Keyboards & Mice – not these Is the keyboard tray adjustable anywhere from flat to a negative tilt? YES NO NA Are your wrists straight (in a neutral position) while typing? YES NO NA Is the keyboard positioned directly in front of you? YES NO NA Is the keyboard positioned so that your upper arms are straight at your side, and your forearms are slightly below horizontal? YES NO NA

Telephone Placement should match dominate hand Headsets are recommended if you must use phone often while performing other tasks

Avoid stressors Static positions Repetitive motions Awkward body movements/posture Reaching/Bending Lifting heavy loads Pressure points Stress Vibration Force Repetition Twisting

Other Prevention Strategies Micro-breaks – every 20 to 40 minutes Exercises Body stretch Shoulder blade squeeze/shrugs Eye palming Arm and shoulder shake Side bends 20/20/20 Rule

Other Prevention Strategies Pay attention to the signals your body provides you If your neck hurts at work, examine your body position to try to figure out what might be causing the soreness You may also request an ergonomic assessment of your space from the Department of Environmental Health and Safety

Questions?