Pericardial hemorrhage caused by costal exostosis Ichiro Fukai, MD, Yoshitaka Fujii, MD, Masazumi Hisada, MD, Keiji Mashita, MD, Ichiya Suzuki, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 74, Issue 6, Pages 2171-2172 (December 2002) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(02)04171-1
Fig 1 Thoracic computed tomographic scan revealed a significant pleural effusion, small amount of pericardial effusion, and the exostosis projecting anteriorly from the fifth rib with a long bony spicule facing inward. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2002 74, 2171-2172DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(02)04171-1)
Fig 2 Computed tomographic scan 8 days after the tube thoracotomy revealed a prominent pericardial effusion and the exostosis is probably penetrating the pericardium. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2002 74, 2171-2172DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(02)04171-1)
Fig 3 Operative findings on removing the section of rib bearing the exostosis (white arrow) through a left anterior thoracotomy. Note the small hole on the pericardium (black arrow). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2002 74, 2171-2172DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(02)04171-1)