Fraunhofer Onboard Radiation Sensors (FORS) Stefan Metzger, Stefan Höffgen, Christoph Komrowski, Jochen Kuhnhenn, Michael Steffens, Tobias Kündgen

Outline Fraunhofer Onboard Radiation Sensors Implementation on Fraunhofer On-Board Processor on Heinrich-Hertz-Satellite UV EPROM for Measuring Total Ionising Dose SRAM for Detecting Solar Particle Events Facts and Figures at a Glance The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft undertakes applied research of direct utility to private and public enterprise and of wide benefit to society. Industry Service sector Public administration Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, the largest organization for applied research in Europe At present, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft maintains 67 institutes and research units. The majority of more than 22,000 staff are qualified scientists and engineers €1.9 billion annual research budget totaling. Of this sum, €1.6 billion is generated through contract research. More than 70 percent of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft’s contract research revenue is derived from contracts with industry and from publicly financed research projects. Almost 30 percent is contributed by the German federal and Länder governments in the form of base funding. Research centers and representative offices in Europe, USA, Asia.

Outline Fraunhofer Onboard Radiation Sensors Implementation on Fraunhofer On-Board Processor on Heinrich-Hertz-Satellite UV EPROM for Measuring Total Ionising Dose SRAM for Detecting Solar Particle Events Facts and Figures at a Glance The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft undertakes applied research of direct utility to private and public enterprise and of wide benefit to society. Industry Service sector Public administration Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, the largest organization for applied research in Europe At present, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft maintains 67 institutes and research units. The majority of more than 22,000 staff are qualified scientists and engineers €1.9 billion annual research budget totaling. Of this sum, €1.6 billion is generated through contract research. More than 70 percent of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft’s contract research revenue is derived from contracts with industry and from publicly financed research projects. Almost 30 percent is contributed by the German federal and Länder governments in the form of base funding. Research centers and representative offices in Europe, USA, Asia.

Onboard Radiation Sensors Goals Characterize the radiation environment in terms of dose and particle flux. Design and build radiation sensors that are simple, robust, cheap and easy to integrate. Measure radiation where you really need it locally on printed circuits boards, inside electronic boxes and/or in close proximity to radiation sensitive devices. Support anomaly investigation. Enable mitigation of radiation effects.

Onboard Radiation Sensors Approach Do not install a separate radiation sensing systems. Implement as few as possible additional devices that are easy to operate, consume low power and do not put the whole system at risk. Stay fully digital so that no complex data processing is needed. Use already installed flight hardware, i.e. processor, interfaces, transceivers etc. for operation and communication, whenever possible.

Fraunhofer Onboard Radiation Sensors Solution Calibrate memory devices under radiation so that altered bits represent received ionising dose or particle flux. Integrate e.g. 2 memories on processor boards for TID and SPE each. Devices will be operated by system processor. Measurement results will be send to ground via main transmitters. Processor unit Receiver Interface Memory Transmitter Flash SRAM SRAM SEU Monitor UV EPROM TID Meter Already existing hardware Additional memory devices

Outline Fraunhofer Onboard Radiation Sensors Implementation on Fraunhofer On-Board Processor on Heinrich-Hertz-Satellite UV EPROM for Measuring Total Ionising Dose SRAM for Detecting Solar Particle Events Facts and Figures at a Glance The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft undertakes applied research of direct utility to private and public enterprise and of wide benefit to society. Industry Service sector Public administration Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, the largest organization for applied research in Europe At present, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft maintains 67 institutes and research units. The majority of more than 22,000 staff are qualified scientists and engineers €1.9 billion annual research budget totaling. Of this sum, €1.6 billion is generated through contract research. More than 70 percent of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft’s contract research revenue is derived from contracts with industry and from publicly financed research projects. Almost 30 percent is contributed by the German federal and Länder governments in the form of base funding. Research centers and representative offices in Europe, USA, Asia.

Fraunhofer Onboard Radiation Sensors Heinrich-Hertz-Satellite Source: OHB DLR Space Administration wanted to develop and operate a German communication satellite. Build on SmallGeo platform from OHB. To be launched in 2020. The main objective of the mission is the scientific validation and testing of payload technologies in space. Unfortunately no radiation sensor is foreseen. Fraunhofer IIS is provider of one of the scientific communication payloads. The Fraunhofer On-Board Processor (FOBP) is a powerful and flexible programmable comm payload. The FOBP consists of radiation-hardened FPGAs that can be fully reconfigured in orbit. On the FOBP in-orbit verification of radiation sensors is added.

Fraunhofer Onboard Radiation Sensors Fraunhofer On-Board Processor Concept Source: Fraunhofer IIS

Fraunhofer Onboard Radiation Sensors Actual Design for Heinrich-Hertz-Satellite © Fraunhofer IIS © Fraunhofer IIS

Outline Fraunhofer Onboard Radiation Sensors Implementation on Fraunhofer On-Board Processor on Heinrich-Hertz-Satellite UV EPROM for Measuring Total Ionising Dose SRAM for Detecting Solar Particle Events Facts and Figures at a Glance The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft undertakes applied research of direct utility to private and public enterprise and of wide benefit to society. Industry Service sector Public administration Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, the largest organization for applied research in Europe At present, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft maintains 67 institutes and research units. The majority of more than 22,000 staff are qualified scientists and engineers €1.9 billion annual research budget totaling. Of this sum, €1.6 billion is generated through contract research. More than 70 percent of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft’s contract research revenue is derived from contracts with industry and from publicly financed research projects. Almost 30 percent is contributed by the German federal and Länder governments in the form of base funding. Research centers and representative offices in Europe, USA, Asia.

FORS: TID TID Dosimetry with EPROMs Proposed device: 8 Mbit M72C801-100F6 UV EPROM by STMicroelectronics To change a '0' to a '1' (erasure) is typically done by die exposure to ultraviolet light TID effects in EPROMs: Holes in isolator combine with electrons in the floating gate which leads to bit flips. The number of '1' is a measure of the TID. Pros of non-volatile memories: Integrating dose meter Can be switched-off most of the time Save energy Latch-up free

FORS: TID TID Calibration at INT Co-60 Gamma Source Measurements of dependencies during irradiation Device-to-device Dose-rate Temperature Voltages (programming, read, write) Reproducibility 45.4 krad/hr 0.4 krad/hr Based on GERD for H2Sat behind 7 mm Al: 21 krad (Si)

Outline Fraunhofer Onboard Radiation Sensors Implementation on Fraunhofer On-Board Processor on Heinrich-Hertz-Satellite UV EPROM for Measuring Total Ionising Dose SRAM for Detecting Solar Particle Events Facts and Figures at a Glance The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft undertakes applied research of direct utility to private and public enterprise and of wide benefit to society. Industry Service sector Public administration Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, the largest organization for applied research in Europe At present, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft maintains 67 institutes and research units. The majority of more than 22,000 staff are qualified scientists and engineers €1.9 billion annual research budget totaling. Of this sum, €1.6 billion is generated through contract research. More than 70 percent of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft’s contract research revenue is derived from contracts with industry and from publicly financed research projects. Almost 30 percent is contributed by the German federal and Länder governments in the form of base funding. Research centers and representative offices in Europe, USA, Asia.

FORS: SPE Single Event Upsets (SEU) in SRAMs PMOS NMOS On Off 1 Data Sensitive pn-junctions Vss VDD Main source of SEUs in GEO: Solar Particle Events (SPE) Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) N Substrate VDD n+ Depletion zone P well p+ VSS Vout 1 on off High energy particle + - Vin

FORS: SPE The ESA SEU Monitor Device Proposed: Atmel 4 MBit SRAM AT40162 5962-0520804VYC respectively Part of ESA SEU Monitor No degradation up to at least 120 krad(Si) No SEL up to 106 MeV cm²/mg Flies aboard ESA Proba-2 mission Calibration data available from: PIF, KVI (Protons) HIF, RADEF (Protons, HI) TAMU (HI) GSI (HI)

FORS: SPE The ESA SEU Monitor: Calibration Rough first estimates based on GERD for H2Sat: Quiet condition about 0.1 SEU/day Large SPE several hundred SEU Heavy ion calibration Proton calibration Ref.: IEEE TNS, VOL. 55, NO. 6, DEC. 2008, pp3082.

Thank you for your attention! Dr. Stefan Metzger Deputy Director Head of Department NE +49 2251 18-214 stefan.metzger@int.fraunhofer.de www.int.fraunhofer.de