Notes on Chapter 35 Electric Circuits

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Presentation transcript:

Notes on Chapter 35 Electric Circuits Conceptual Physics Notes on Chapter 35 Electric Circuits

Electric Circuits Any path in which electrons flow is a Circuit. There can be no gaps in the flow of electrons.

Electric Circuits A gap in the circuit is known as an Open Circuit. Electrons will not flow. A Closed Circuit is when the flow of electrons is possible.

Electric Circuits Most circuits have more then one devise that receives electrical energy. These connections are in either: Series Parallel

Electric Circuits SERIES CIRCUITS: Fig. 35.4 shows three lamps in series connected to a power supply --- a battery. Electric current has ONLY a single path through the circuit. Resistance is the TOTAL resistance of each lamp or resistor along the pathway. The current is equal to the voltage source divided by the total resistance (Ohm’s Law) As the number of lamps is added, the resistance is INCREASED. The disadvantage of a series circuit is if one lamp fails (burns out) the whole circuit fails.

Electric Circuits PARALLEL CIRCUITS: Fig. 35.5 shows three lamps connected in parallel. Each lamp connects the same two points. Therefore, the voltage is the same across each device. The amount of current in each lamp is the same. Total current in the circuit equals the SUM of the currents in each pathway. As the number of lamps is added, the resistance is DECREASED.

Electric Circuits SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS: See Fig. 35.6 on page 554.

Electric Circuits Battery SINGLE (Cell) DOUBLE HIGH (Battery) VOLTAGE

Connecting wire – Black line Electric Circuits Connecting wire – Black line

Electric Circuits Open switch

Electric Circuits Closed switch

Electric Circuits Resistance

Electric Circuits COMBINING RESISTORS: Series and Parallel See Fig. 35.8

Electric Circuits When in series, the resistance ADDS up to a larger resistance. Very bright Bright Dimmest

Electric Circuits When in Parallel, the resistance SUBTRACTS to a smaller resistance. Bright Same Bright Same Bright

Electric Circuits When lines carry too much current, the heat may melt the wire and start a fire. Fuses or Circuit breakers are used to prevent an overload in the wire.