Lowering of Sensory, Motor, and Pain-Tolerance Thresholds With Burst Duration Using Kilohertz-Frequency Alternating Current Electric Stimulation: Part.

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Lowering of Sensory, Motor, and Pain-Tolerance Thresholds With Burst Duration Using Kilohertz-Frequency Alternating Current Electric Stimulation: Part II Alex R. Ward, PhD, Wendy Lee Hung Chuen, BSc(Hons) Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 90, Issue 9, Pages 1619-1627 (September 2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.02.022 Copyright © 2009 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Stimulus types commonly used in rehabilitation. (A) Biphasic pulsed current. (B) Monophasic pulsed current. (C) Bursts of AC with a duty cycle of 50%. (D) Bursts of AC typical of interferential current. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2009 90, 1619-1627DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2009.02.022) Copyright © 2009 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Sensory threshold versus burst duration at: (A) 1kHz and (B) 4kHz; (C) 1-kHz and (D) 4-kHz motor thresholds; (E) 1-kHz and (F) 4-kHz pain-tolerance thresholds. (⧫) are values in volts (V), measured at a burst frequency of 20Hz, and (⊡) are values at 50Hz previously reported by Ward and Lucas-Toumbourou.19 Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2009 90, 1619-1627DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2009.02.022) Copyright © 2009 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Relative thresholds at different burst durations with burst frequencies of 50Hz (⊡) and 20Hz (⧫). (A) Pain/motor thresholds using bursts of 1-kHz AC. (B) Pain/motor thresholds using bursts of 4-kHz AC. 50-Hz relative thresholds were previously reported by Ward and Lucas-Toumbourou.19 Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2009 90, 1619-1627DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2009.02.022) Copyright © 2009 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Relative thresholds at different burst durations with burst frequencies of 50Hz (⊡) and 20Hz (⧫). (A) Pain/sensory thresholds using bursts of 1-kHz AC. (B) Pain/sensory thresholds using bursts of 4-kHz AC. 50-Hz relative thresholds were previously reported by Ward and Lucas-Toumbourou.19 Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2009 90, 1619-1627DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2009.02.022) Copyright © 2009 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions