Figure 3 Chronopharmacokinetics of xenobiotics

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Figure 3 Chronopharmacokinetics of xenobiotics Figure 3 | Chronopharmacokinetics of xenobiotics. Xenobiotic pharmacokinetics in the liver, consisting of the distribution and uptake, metabolism and elimination of exogenous compounds, is regulated by transcription factors, such as PAR bZIP and Nfil3, that are under the control of circadian clock proteins. AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor; Aldh, aldehyde dehydrogenases; Bcrp, breast cancer resistance protein (also known as Abcg2); CAR, constitutive androstane receptor; Ces, carboxylesterases; Cyp, cytochrome P450 superfamily; Dbp, D site-binding protein; Gst, glutathione S-transferases; Hlf, hepatic leukaemia factor; Mdr, multidrug resistance protein (also known as Abcbs); Nfil3, nuclear factor interleukin-3-regulated protein; Oat, organic anion transporters; Oatp, organic anion-transporting polypeptides; Oct1, organic cation transporter 1; PAR bZIP, proline and acidic amino acid rich basic leucine zipper; Per, period circadian clock; PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; PXR, pregnane X receptor; Ror, RAR-related orphan receptor; Slc47a1, solute carrier family 47, member 1; Sult, sulfotransferases; Tef, thyrotroph embryonic factor. Tahara, Y. & Shibata, S. (2016) Circadian rhythms of liver physiology and disease: experimental and clinical evidence Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2016.8