Involvement of Photooxidation of Melanogenic Precursors in Prolonged Pigmentation Induced by Ultraviolet A Kazuhisa Maeda, Masato Hatao Journal of Investigative.

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Involvement of Photooxidation of Melanogenic Precursors in Prolonged Pigmentation Induced by Ultraviolet A Kazuhisa Maeda, Masato Hatao Journal of Investigative Dermatology Volume 122, Issue 2, Pages 503-509 (February 2004) DOI: 10.1046/j.0022-202X.2004.22223.x Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Kinetics and dose–response curves of IPD and persistent pigmentation after UVA irradiation. The untanned inside of the forearms of seven healthy Japanese men were exposed to UVA radiation at 5.6, 11.2, 16.8, or 22 J/cm2 using the Solar UV simulator. The degree of skin pigmentation was measured in terms of ΔM, the change in the melanin index M, which was calculated as the M of a preexposure reading over the M at each measurement time after exposure. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 503-509DOI: (10.1046/j.0022-202X.2004.22223.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Light microscopic image of skin sections obtained after back exposure to UVA or UVB irradiation. Cryosections of skin 3 h after irradiation and unirradiated skin from untanned backs of Japanese male volunteers. (a) Unirradiated control; (b) UVA irradiation (a single dose of 30 J/cm2); (c) UVB irradiation (2 MED). Increases in the amount and density of pigment at the basal and suprabasal layer of the epidermis are apparent only in UVA-irradiated skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 503-509DOI: (10.1046/j.0022-202X.2004.22223.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Immunofluorescence image of melanocytes located in the basal layer of the epidermis. Cryosection of skin 1 d after UVA irradiation (a single dose of 30 J/cm2). (a) Light microscopic image (arrows, melanocytes). (b) Immunofluorescence image of fluorescence isothiocyanate-labeled antibody against tyrosinase-related protein-1, which is a melanocyte-specific antigen (arrows, melanocytes). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 503-509DOI: (10.1046/j.0022-202X.2004.22223.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Cryosection of freshly excised skin specimens obtained from the unirradiated backs of Japanese men. (a) Before UVA irradiation; (b) after UVA irradiation (a single dose of 20 J/cm2). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 503-509DOI: (10.1046/j.0022-202X.2004.22223.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 (a) Pigment formation from tyrosine, dopa, DHI, DHICA, and its metabolite (6H5MICA) exposed to UVA radiation (a single dose of 5 J/cm2). (b) The putative formation pathway and the chemical structures of these melanogenic precursors. (c) The absorbance spectra of these melanogenic precursors.. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 503-509DOI: (10.1046/j.0022-202X.2004.22223.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Energy and concentration dependence of pigment formation from DHICA or 6H5MICA by UVA radiation. (a) Energy dependence of pigment formation from DHICA or 6H5MICA by UVA radiation. (b) Concentration dependence of pigment formation from DHICA or 6H5MICA by UVA radiation. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 503-509DOI: (10.1046/j.0022-202X.2004.22223.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 The spectral characteristics of UVA-induced persistent pigmentation and UVA-induced pigment formation from DHICA.. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 503-509DOI: (10.1046/j.0022-202X.2004.22223.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 8 Effect of hydrogen peroxide on UVA-induced pigment formation from DHICA and 6H5MICA in vitro. (a) Pigment formation from DHICA exposed to UVA radiation (a single dose of 1 J/cm2) with or without hydrogen peroxide. (b) Pigment formation from 6H5MICA exposed to UVA radiation (a single dose of 1 J/cm2) with or without hydrogen peroxide. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 503-509DOI: (10.1046/j.0022-202X.2004.22223.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 9 Determination of 6H5MICA and 5H6MICA in the excised skin specimens.. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 503-509DOI: (10.1046/j.0022-202X.2004.22223.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 10 Components of the supernatant of cultured human melanocytes after UVA irradiation. (a) The concentrations of DHICA and the O-methyl metabolite of DHICA (6H5MICA) in the cells and the supernatant of cultured human melanocytes. (b) Effect of UVA irradiation (a single dose of 5 J/cm2) on the supernatant of cultured human melanocytes. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2004 122, 503-509DOI: (10.1046/j.0022-202X.2004.22223.x) Copyright © 2004 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions