Exposure to Particulate Matter from Kerosene Lamps James Apple, Ryan Vicente, Andrea Yarberry, Nathan Lohse, Jenny Tracy and Dustin Poppendieck, Ph.D.

Health Issues Associated with Kerosene Lamps Burns Child poisoning due to inadvertent consumption Exposure to unburned fuel Compromised visual health due to sub- standard luminance Indoor air pollution?

Geo Year Book 2006

How bad is indoor air in developing countries? PM 10 concentration ( g/m 3 ) Indoor Air – Biomass Stoves300-3,000 Outdoor Air – Major Cities in Developing Countries 150 USEPA50 European Union40 Geo Year Book 2006

2 – 2.8 million deaths/year ~4% of global mortality 1 million childhood deaths/year Women: 2/3 with lung cancer are non-smokers © Ron Giling Panos Pictures Indoor Air Particulate Matter Impacts in the Developing World

Particulate Matter Health Impacts

Acute Irritation Increased respiratory infections (i.e.Tuberculosis) Bronchitis Asthma Allergic reactions Chronic Heart disease Lung cancer Particulate Matter Health Impacts

Problem 1 Is the particle mater from kerosene lamps in a size range that is dangerous?

The Experimental Kiosk

Kerosene Lamps Simple WickHurricanePressure Cost

Vendors Kiosk - Particle Size

Vendors Kiosk micron Particles

Vendors Kiosk Burn Rate - PM2.5 Large Hurricane Pressure Simple Wick Lamp Small Hurricane

Kerosene Lamps Simple WickHurricanePressure Cost Particle Emissions

Problem 1: Big Picture PM 2.5 health standards can be exceeded by an order of magnitude in homes using kerosene lamps Migration to improved lighting sources reduces exposure to particulate matter –Simple Wick => Hurricane => LED lights PM2.5 Ultrafines

Problem 2 What is the relative contribution to particulate matter inhalation if you use both a kerosene light and fuel based cook stove?

Emission Rates

PM 2.5 Concentrations Women and Children are Exposed to in Kenyan Homes

Particulate Mass Inhaled

Take Home Message : Cook Stoves –10 th Global Disease Burden Intake of Particulate Matter from Simple Wick Lamps –~5 times less than cook stoves –~5 times more than ambient air Likely ancillary health benefits from transition to LED lighting

Health Issues Associated with Kerosene Lamps Burns Child poisoning due to inadvertent consumption Exposure to unburned fuel compromised visual health due to sub- standard luminance Indoor air pollution

Bottom Line: Indoor air pollution –Impacting health Marketing LED Lamps –Fewer respiratory health issues for consumer if NOT using fuel based cook stove Impacting countries GDP? –Subsidies? –Economic Incentives?

Problem 3 ~1.6 billion people ~1.5% of the worlds crude oil –38-77 billion liters of Kerosene Do kerosene lamps contribute a measureable amount to global warming?

What about Global Warming? After carbon dioxide what do we care about? –Methane –Black Carbon Removed in weeks rather than decades

Global Warming and Black Carbon Emissions Tg/year. –Global: 8 Tg/year –~ 2 Tg/year by residential solid fuel burning 0.5-4% of the global black carbon

Thank You Students!

What about Global Warming Fuel mass = 38 – 63 billion gallons kerosene burned per year F hurricane = EF PM2.5/Hurricane = Experiments F outside/total = F BC/PM2.5 = 0.95