Let IT FLOW Arterial Blood’s journey Normal and Abnormal Hemodynamics of the Arterial System hhholdorf

Heart with Major internal structures

Hydrostatic Pressure

Normal Laminar Flow

Parabolic flow

Steady flow in the arterial system

Pulsatile flow

Dichotic Notch waveform a small, downward deflection observed on the downstroke of an arterial pressure waveform. It represents closure of the aortic or pulmonic valve at the onset of ventricular diastole.

Describe the Notion of Peripheral resistance and how it plays a role in the arterial system. Peripheral resistance is defined as pressure drop divided by flow: R =(Pₐ - Prₐ) / Qr Resistance in fluid flow is defined as pressure drop per unit flow. Peripheral resistance is maintained largely by sympathetic tone maintaining a basal level of vasoconstriction in vascular beds in skeletal muscle and skin. Skeletal muscle constitutes the largest single vascular bed and the major determinant of total peripheral resistance. Resistance in other circulations is also partly controlled by neural factors but also by local control (especially in the brain and myocardium). Makes up the largest single vascular bed and the major determinant of total peripheral

Explain the difference between vasoconstriction and vasodilation Vasodilation is relaxation of blood vessels leading to increase in lumen size. Vasoconstriction is contraction of blood vessels leading to decrease in lumen size.

What happens to blood flow proximal stenosis? Proximal to a stenosis flow frequencies are usually dampened with or without disturbance.

What happens to blood flow within a stenosis? Entrance into a stenosis produces an increase in Doppler shift frequencies resulting in spectral broadening and elevated velocities.

What happens to blood flow distal to the stenosis? Flow speed increases at a stenosis, so would turbulence occur distal to the stenosis