(overview of basic functions)

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Presentation transcript:

(overview of basic functions) Lecture I Immune system (overview of basic functions)

Nobel laureates 1901 Emil Adolf von Behring (1854-1917), "for his serum therapy to treat diphtheria" (First ever Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine) 1908 Eli Metchnikoff (1845-1916) and Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915), "for study of the immune system„ 1919 Jules Bordet (1870-1961), "for discovery of the complement system in the immune system„ 1930 Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943), "for discovery of human blood types„ 1960 Peter B. Medawar (1915-1987) and Frank Macfarlane Burnet (1899-1985), "for the discovery that the immune system of the fetus learns how to distinguish between self and non-self„ 1972 Gerald Maurice Edelman (1929-) and Rodney Robert Porter (1917-1985), "for discovering the chemical structure of antibodies„ 1980 Baruj Benacerraf (1920-2011), Jean Dausset (1916-2009) and George Davis Snell (1903-1996), "for discovery of the Major histocompatibility complex genes which encode cell surface molecules important for the immune system's distinction between self and non-self„ 1984 Niels Jerne (1911-1994), Georges J. F. Köhler (1946-1995) and César Milstein (1927-2002) "for work on the immune system and the production of monoclonal antibodies„ 1987 Susumu Tonegawa (1939-), "for discovering how the large diversity of antibodies is produced genetically" 1989 J. Michael Bishop (1936-) and Harold E. Varmus (1939-), "for discovering the cellular origins of retroviral oncogenes" 1996 Peter C. Doherty (1940-) and Rolf M. Zinkernagel (1944-) "for describing how MHC molecules are used by white blood cells to detect and kill virus-infected cells." 2011 Bruce Beutler(1957-), Jules A. Hoffmann (1941-) "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity" and Ralph Marvin Steinman (1943-2011)"for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity" 2018 James P. Allison (1948-) and Tasuku Honjo (1942-) "for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation."

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) Toll-like receptors (TLR) Nucleotide oligomerisation receptors (NLR) C-type lectin receptors (CLR) RIG-1 like receptors (RLR)

Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are specific to the microorganism and essential for its viability.

Toll-like Receptors

Three main pathways are activated by TLRs: MAP kinase pathway (ERK, p38 and JNK) NFkB pathway IRF pathway

NK cells – how they kill