Tree of Liberty 1607-1877

A message from Mr. Garcia… Students- One of the most important themes of this course is the ideal of liberty. We have examined the English and colonial roots; and we will continue to study the impact of this ideal through the early Republic, the expansion west, the Civil War, and Reconstruction.

Message…continued… At the end of this year, you will prepare a final assessment that shows your understanding of the origins, growth, and challenges to the idea of freedom in this country. These notes will help you to organize your thoughts in preparation for that “final exam.” Happy notetaking. Remember PEAS!!! Have a nice day! Mr. Garcia

One more thing… Your guest teacher will allow plenty of time for you to copy these notes (within reason). Your notes will be collected today before you leave class. So, like I always say…if you want to get paid…do the work. Thanks! Let’s get started…

1215-Magna Carta Rule of law-all must obey the law Gov’t power limited Contract-both sides have responsibility Gov’t resp. to protect rights Trial by jury of peers Due process

1258-Parliament Separation of powers Representative gov’t Limits on power of gov’t

1628-Petition of Right No taxes w/o consent of representatives No imprisonment w/o just cause (habeas corpus) No martial law Reestablishes Magna Carta English subjects had rights gov’t could not violate

Glorious Revolution 1688 Created Constitutional Monarchy Parliament has more power than Monarch Individual rights guaranteed Monarch must obey law (Rule of Law)

1689-English Bill of Rights Free elections Right to petition gov’t Parliament must agree to suspend laws, levy taxes, or maintain an army Monarch cannot take arms from Protestants (Right to bear arms) Monarch cannot interfere w/ right to free speech or debate in Parl. No cruel or unusual punishment

Colonial period

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1620 Mayflower Compact Self-government Majority rule Social contract Common good Just and equal laws

1639 Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Branches of government Limits on executive power Representative government Elections Common good

1649 Toleration Act of 1649 passed by MD legislative body Early colonial government attempt to guarantee degree of religious liberty

1776 Declaration of Independence “all men are created equal” Freedom Equality Independence Opportunity Natural Rights Right to Revolution Purpose of gov’t Consent

1781-1789 Articles of Confederation First U.S. Constitution "a plan of confederacy for securing the freedom, sovereignty, and independence of the United States."

Early republic

1789 U. S. Constitution Federalism Republicanism Individual Rights Limited Government (Rule of Law) Popular Sovereignty Separation of Powers Checks and Balances

1791 Bill of Rights Citizens protected from gov’t interference Freedoms: Press Religion, Speech Petition, assembly Bear arms Due process Speedy, public trial No excessive bail No cruel, unusual punishment