Times They Are A Changing... Lecture 3

Standard 11.10.4 Examine the role of Civil Rights advocates and the significance of Martin Luther King’s “Letters from Birmingham Jail” and “I Have A Dream” Speech. Essential Question Time!!!

Freedom Summer, 1964 SNCC sent thousands of volunteers into Mississippi to register black voters three workers disappeared murdered Michael Schwerner, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman Mississippi Burning

Voting Rights Act, 1965 banned literacy tests sent federal registrars to South federal oversight meant to make registration more fair

24th Amendment banned poll taxes used to keep blacks and poor whites from voting

Watts Riot, 1965 Violence erupted in LA, Detroit, and New Jersey the Kerner Commission concluded that extreme poverty was the cause recommended federal money develop cities to relieve poverty

Malcolm X Malcolm Little joined the Nation of Islam dropped his “slave name” advocated black separatism and militarism became more peaceful after a trip to Mecca killed in NYC by members of the Nation of Islam in 1965

“We declare our right on this earth “We declare our right on this earth...to be a human being, to be respected as a human being, to be given the rights of a human being in this society, on this earth, in this day, which we intend to bring into existence by any means necessary.” -Malcolm X

Black Power Stokely Carmichael said African Americans should form their own organizations Rejected “mainstream” American society Rejected by both the NAACP and the SCLC as racist

Black Panthers, 1966 a more militant version of black power emerged in Oakland est. by Bobby Seales, Huey Newton supported black separatism and went armed to protect blacks from police brutality ran medical clinics provided free food to school children

"If I win, I am American, not a black American "If I win, I am American, not a black American. But if I did something bad, then they would say I am a Negro. We are black and we are proud of being black. Black America will understand what we did tonight." Tommie Smith, 1968

MLK and Memphis, 1968 increasingly critical of black power and separatism crusaded for the poor went to Memphis to support sanitation workers killed by James Earl Ray

Robert Kennedy, 1968 RFK was the frontrunner for the democratic nomination Killed in LA by a Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan Nixon became president and the civil rights movement stalled

Affirmative Action Colleges and businesses tried to increase minority representation in their ranks Income gap still persists today

Study Guide Questions 19-25