Protease-dependent activation of epithelial cells by fungal allergens leads to morphologic changes and cytokine production Henk F. Kauffman, PhD, J.F.Chris.

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Protease-dependent activation of epithelial cells by fungal allergens leads to morphologic changes and cytokine production Henk F. Kauffman, PhD, J.F.Chris Tomee, PhD, Marjolein A. van de Riet, Andre J.B. Timmerman, Peter Borger, PhD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 105, Issue 6, Pages 1185-1193 (June 2000) DOI: 10.1067/mai.2000.106210 Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 IL-6 (A) and IL-8 (B) production by A549 cells in the presence of various concentrations of fungal extracts: open squares , Alternaria alternata ; open triangles , Cladosporium herbarum ; filled circles , Aspergillus fumigatus ; asterisks on dashed line , E-ColCF. Zero values indicate spontaneous productions in the absence of fungal extracts. Negative values indicate the protein levels below the level of spontaneous production. Asterisks not on dashed line indicate significantly increased production of cytokine. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2000 105, 1185-1193DOI: (10.1067/mai.2000.106210) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 IL-6 (A) and IL-8 (B) production by A549 cells over time incubated with optimal concentrations of fungal extracts: open squares , Alternaria alternata ; open triangles , Cladosporium herbarum ; filled circles , Aspergillus fumigatus ; asterisks on dashed line , E-ColCF. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2000 105, 1185-1193DOI: (10.1067/mai.2000.106210) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Relative IL-6 (A) and IL-8 (B) production by primary nasal epithelial cell cultures incubated with various concentrations of fungal extracts: open squares , Alternaria alternata ; open triangles , Cladosporium herbarum ; filled circles , Aspergillus fumigatus ; asterisks , E-ColCF. Data on the y-axis are expressed as the cytokine production relative to the spontaneous production in the absence of fungal extracts. Values are expressed as arbitrary units in which 1 unit corresponds to the spontaneous production of IL-6 of 158 pg/mL and IL-8 of 52.4 ng/mL, respectively. C shows the baseline and maximal IL-6 and IL-8 production by primary nasal epithelial cells incubated with fungal extracts. Solid bar indicates IL-6 production (in picograms per milliliter), and hatched bar indicates IL-8 production (in nanograms per milliliter). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2000 105, 1185-1193DOI: (10.1067/mai.2000.106210) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Interaction of fungal proteases with epithelial cells. Cell damage and cytokine release are shown concomitantly with the proposed effects on the inflammatory response and facilitation of the immune response. APC, Antigen-presenting cells; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2000 105, 1185-1193DOI: (10.1067/mai.2000.106210) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions