Contributions of diseases and injuries to widening life expectancy inequalities in England from 2001 to 2016: a population-based analysis of vital registration.

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Contributions of diseases and injuries to widening life expectancy inequalities in England from 2001 to 2016: a population-based analysis of vital registration data James E Bennett, PhD, Jonathan Pearson-Stuttard, BMBCh, Vasilis Kontis, PhD, Prof Simon Capewell, DSc, Ingrid Wolfe, PhD, Prof Majid Ezzati, FMedSci The Lancet Public Health Volume 3, Issue 12, Pages e586-e597 (December 2018) DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30214-7 Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Life expectancy at birth by decile of deprivation and sex in 2001 and 2016 Point estimates of life expectancy for each estimate are shown, with credible intervals indicated by vertical bars. The numbers show the difference between life expectancy for each decile compared with that of the most affluent group, with credible intervals in brackets. The Lancet Public Health 2018 3, e586-e597DOI: (10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30214-7) Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Trends in age-standardised death rates by underlying cause of death and decile of deprivation, by sex, from 2001 to 2016 Death rates are per 100 000 people per year. Numerical values for 2016 are given in the appendix (p 20). The Lancet Public Health 2018 3, e586-e597DOI: (10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30214-7) Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Trends in age-standardised death rates by underlying cause of death and decile of deprivation, by sex, from 2001 to 2016 Death rates are per 100 000 people per year. Numerical values for 2016 are given in the appendix (p 20). The Lancet Public Health 2018 3, e586-e597DOI: (10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30214-7) Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Contributions of deaths from different diseases and injuries at different ages to life expectancy inequality between the most affluent and most deprived deciles, by sex, 2016 See appendix (p 9) for summary of contributions from clusters of related causes. The Lancet Public Health 2018 3, e586-e597DOI: (10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30214-7) Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Change in the contributions of deaths from different diseases and injuries at different ages to life expectancy inequality between the most affluent and most deprived deciles, by sex, 2001–16 See appendix (p 12) for summary of contributions from clusters of related causes. The Lancet Public Health 2018 3, e586-e597DOI: (10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30214-7) Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions