Classification of Living Things

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Classification of Living Things

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Classification of Living Things

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Classification of Living Things D K P C O F G S Classification of Living Things

Taxonomy The practice of classifying plants and animals according to their presumed natural relationships.

Domains (3) This old system includes Domains 1. Archaea: ancient bacteria that can exist in extreme environments 2. Bacteria: the kind we know of today 3. Eukarya: includes all eukaryotes (protista, fungi, plantae, and Animalia)

What is classification? Classification is the grouping of living organisms according to similar structures and functions.

Early classification systems Aristotle grouped animals according to the way they moved

Characteristics of the Domains Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Cell Type prokaryote eukaryote Number of Cells Unicellular unicellular Uni and multicellular Nutrition Auto/heterotroph Both Number of Kingdoms One Four

The modern classification system : Developed by Carolus Linnaeus Consists of 7 levels: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Helpful way to remember the 7 levels King Philip Came Over For Good Soup. King Philip Came Over For Green Skittles.

Levels of Classification Kingdom: based on how organisms obtain food, types of cells, and the number of cells. Phylum: physical similarities (this suggest a common ancestry) Class: organisms have more in common (ex. mammals drink mils as babies)

Levels of Classification Order: dichotomous keys (a checklist of characteristics) Family: more in commons, so much so, that they are said to be related Genus: the generic name is determined (1st part of the organisms scientific name)-very specific

Levels of Classification Final and Lowest Level Species: the most specific you can get. Main Criteria: the ability to breed with similar organisms (2nd part of the scientific name)

Binomial Nomenclature Developed by Carolus Linnaeus Two-name system: First name is the organism’s genus Second name is the organism’s species

What rules are used to write scientific names? The first letter of the genus is ALWAYS capitalized The first letter of the species is NEVER capitalized Scientific names of organisms are always italicized or underlined

Using the Classification System Field guides help identify organisms. -they highlight differences between similar organisms (like trees) Taxonomic Key (Dichotomous Key) -paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms

What steps would you use to identify a peach? Taxonomic Key 1a Fruits occur singly ....................................................... Go to 3 1b Fruits occur in clusters of two or more ......................... Go to 2 2a Fruits are round ....................................................... Grapes 2b Fruits are elongate ................................................... Bananas 3a Thick skin that separates easily from flesh .............Oranges 3b Thin skin that adheres to flesh .............................. Go to 4 4a More than one seed per fruit ............................ Apples 4b One seed per fruit ............................................ Go to 5 5a Skin covered with velvety hairs .................... Peaches 5b Skin smooth, without hairs ........................... Plums What steps would you use to identify a peach?