Transcription and Translation Read the lesson title aloud to students.
See if you can remember - DNA contains the information to make proteins. Where is the cell’s DNA? In the nucleus of the cell Where are proteins assembled? On the ribosomes in the cytoplasm How does the information in DNA get to the ribosomes and then how is that information used to make proteins?
Learning Objectives Explain how transcription and translation work.
Comparing RNA and DNA The sugar in RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose. RNA is generally single-stranded, not double-stranded. RNA contains uracil in place of thymine.
Messenger RNA An mRNA molecule is a copy of the DNA that will be used to make a protein.
mRNA Synthesis: Transcription In transcription, segments of DNA serve as templates to produce complementary mRNA molecules RNA – C binds with G and A binds with U. https://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/12-transcription-basic.html
How would the following gene be transcribed? DNA T - C - G - A -
How would the following gene be transcribed? DNA mRNA T - A C - G T - A G - C A - U
How would the following gene be transcribed? DNA G - A - T - C -
How would the following gene be transcribed? DNA mRNA G - C A - U T - A C - G
After being made in the nucleus, mRNA travels to the cytoplasm, the site of protein synthesis
Proteins Proteins are made of strings of amino acids. It is the sequence of amino acids that determine the properties of the protein.
The Genetic Code: Codons The genetic code is read in three-letter groupings called codons. A codon is a group of three nucleotide bases in messenger RNA that specifies a particular amino acid. AUG AAC UCU
The Genetic Code Page 303 of the old book Go to Section:
Translation - mRNA to protein Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings the amino acid specified by the codon to the ribosome where the amino acids are strung together to make a protein. .
Figure 12–18 Translation Section 12-3 mRNA Go to Section: Nucleus Messenger RNA Messenger RNA is transcribed in the nucleus. mRNA Lysine Phenylalanine tRNA Methionine Ribosome mRNA Start codon Go to Section:
How would the following gene be translated? mRNA A G U Amino Acid Page 303 in the old Biology book
How would the following gene be translated? mRNA C G A Amino Acid
How would the following gene be translated? mRNA C G A Amino Acid Arginine Aspartic Acid