Learners will need access to computers for this lesson OR the teacher could scroll through the webiste for the class at a later stage. Hte website is: http://www.drugfreeworld.org Lesson 3

Lets quickly revise on what we have covered so far... A life style disease is an illness that exists because of human factors that include the way we live. These diseases could be prevented with proper nutrition or lifestyle changes. These diseases include Cancer, High Blood Pressure, Heart Disease, HIV and STIs and TB. Poverty and Gender imbalances increase the risk of life style diseases. Revise the points covered in the first two lessons. Maybe even ask two or three questions to trigger memory. Here are a few below: Can anyone name the 4 categories of human factors? Ill health, disasters, accidents, crises What is the top No 1 natural killer in South Africa? How would you know you have this disease? TB, coughing for two weeks or longer Who is at risk of a heart attack? A smoker's risk of heart attack is 2-3 times than that of a non-smoker. Quitting, at any age, is beneficial. Chronic exposure to second-hand smoke may also increase the risk of heart disease. High blood pressure increases the heart's workload, causing the heart to enlarge and weaken over time. The risk of heart disease rises as levels of "bad" cholesterol (LDL) increase.

Lets take a closer look at some lifestyle factors that contribute to diseases. See if you can work out the lifestyle factor and diseases on the next page.

Our life style choices directly influence our health. Explain to the learners that the above image represents Life style factors that contribute towards diseases. Give them time to see if they could work out the lifestyle factor in the beginning and the diseases it will result in. Learners can work in groups. It should take no longer than 5min. The answers are below. Unsafe sexual behaviour + .................. = cervical cancer in women, STIs and HIV Alcohol and Substance Abuse +.................. = Prostate cancer in men, heart disease and hypertension. Poot eating habits + ............... = Prostate cancer amongst men, TB, hypertension, heart disease Tobacco use +................. = TB, Hypertension, lung cancer, heart diseases Lack of exercise + .............. = Hypertension, heart disease This activity should take about 10min.

Drug abuse in other parts of the world.. Watch the following clip together in class. 7:48 Ask the class if its possible to learn a lesson from this clip? Does it convince them that alcohol and drugs are bad for them and they would stay away from alcohol and drugs? The focus of this clip is an american market. Does that make the problem seem less real in South Africa? Briefly discuss dangers of Underage Drinking https://www.drugfreeworld.org/real-life-stories.html

Drug abuse in South Africa http://www.africanews.com/2017/09/08/youth-drug-addiction-surge-in-south-africa// Watch this clip 2min and ask the class what attempt is being made in South Africa to prevent learners from taking drugs? Ask learners how they think it affects family members when someone take drugs. Ask what can be done to prevent this problem in your communities. Be sensitive in this discussion as several learners might have this problem or know someone who does. Encourage them that it is never to late to seek help. Max 5min discussion

Take a moment in your groups to brainstorm how the following groups could prevent and control substance abuse. Give each group a sheet of A4 paper or old newspaper and a marker. Ask them to divide the large page into 4 sections. Namely Government, school, friends, community and themselves. Now ask them for suggestions as to how each of these groups could prevent and control substance abuse (incl underage drinking) in particular. Allow 15-20min for this discussion. You would need to guide the conversations and move around the class. If groups are struggling, mention some things like educating people, church support groups, families helping out other families strugglin in the community. This discussion could be a bit challenging but push through as learners can learn a great deal from one another.

The following intervention strategies have been proposed by the World Health Organisation to counter lifestyle diseases in South Africa. Banning smoking in public places. Promoting free testing of HIV Warnings about the dangers of tobaco Reducing salt intake and salt content of food. Placing nutritional information on packages Encouraging regular excercise Educating peopel about HIV and STI’s Ask the learners if they notice any of these changes in their community. (1min)

PREVENTION This means to stop lifestyle diseases from actually happening and includes things like: Abstaining from sexual intercourse OR use a condom Avoiding drugs and alcohol Keeping a healthy weight by excersizing regularly Avoiding suger CONTROL To control means to prevent something from becoming a crisis. Eg. If you have hypertension you prevent it from developing into heart disease by controling it. This includes eating healthy, excersizing, taking prescribed medication, avoiding smoking and alcohol, losing weight. It should take the last 10min of the lesson to complete slide 41 and 42.

TREATMENT, CARE & SUPPORT EARLY DETECTION This means to notice the symptoms and get treatment early when the illness starts and before it becomes untreatable. Go to a clinic or hospital if there is any concern and get tested. TREATMENT, CARE & SUPPORT This includes medical care, surgery, medication and support to cope with living with the disease. EG. TB patients can be healed if they take their medication, Cancer paptients can recieve support from organisations like Hospice when they cannot care for themselves.

For help or someone who can answer your questions on substance abuse... For learners who need help coping with drugs, underage drinking or who are looking for more answers, this website will help. https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/pyp-members/second-chance-recovery-centre