BES: Phytoremediation April 26, 2019 Get out your journal now with your journal check form! Obtain your laptop and log into Educurious now! Go to Mod 3.2 and scroll to the bottom.

Warm Up 4-26-19 Go to Educurious Module 3.2 and complete the “Word Power” at the bottom on the page. Hit “submit” to see if you are right! If you are wrong you will see red around the word. Hit the refresh button and try again. When you’ve got it correct, write down the words in order in your journal.

Quiz over Mod 2 and 3 on Tuesday 4/30 Review electronics in the environment. Know primary consumers, apex predators, trophic levels Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification Environmental toxins from chart—specifically DDT, Mercury, Lead and BPA

Putting away laptops… Always take your assigned laptop. I will be checking at the end of class to ensure your laptop is put away and plugged in. If not…you will owe me your Power Hour. Which will be spent cleaning the laptops and this room.

Don’t forget to highlight and add page numbers! Journal Check is NOW! Exchange journals with the person across from you. If the journal is not highlighted or is missing page numbers it CANNOT be assessed. Use a color marker and circle the points for each assignment—double check that is it accurate in the journal. Don’t forget to highlight and add page numbers! DUE: TODAY!

See next slide for answer… NOTES Make the following title: 4/24/19 Food Web Brainstorm Write these questions down with answers. What are the different types of organisms in a food chain or food web? What role or “trophic level” does each organism fill? Consumer Producer decomposer See next slide for answer… ©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved. www.educurious.org

NOTES: Trophic Levels in a Food Web A trophic level is the position that an organism occupies in a food chain or food web. (Write this in your journal) First trophic level: producers (plants) ©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved. www.educurious.org

Energy Through a Food Web It takes more energy (or food) to support organisms at the top of the food web than at the bottom. Within its lifetime, a tertiary consumer will consume 10,000 times more energy than a primary producer! This chart illustrates energy content in Joules (J) of all organisms at a given trophic level within one example ecosystem. ©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved. www.educurious.org

Toxins in the Food Web Think about what you know about toxins in the environment: How do you think toxins move through the food web? How do you think toxins affect life at different levels in the food web? Remember that organisms at the top of the food web consume 10,000 times more energy or food than organisms at the bottom of the food web. ©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved. www.educurious.org

NOTES: Toxins in the Food Web As toxins move through the food web, they can either bio accumulate or bio magnify. Bioaccumulation: describes the general increase of toxins as they move from the abiotic environment into an organism’s tissue. Bio magnification: describes the increasing concentration of toxins as they pass from one trophic level to another in a food web. ©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved. www.educurious.org

Examples of Bio magnification Mercury is a well-known example of bio magnification because it accumulates in the fish we eat. Larger and older fish have higher levels of mercury in their body tissue. Several organizations release fish safety guides to help consumers choose fish that are low in mercury. Note: certain populations of people are more at risk for mercury poisoning because of what parts of the fish they eat. For example, certain asian populations eat lots of fish and the parts of the fish where methymercury builds up in fish’s bodies: fatty tissue, liver, head, skin. They also might eat fish that are more exposed to mercury, like fish that live along the bottom of the ocean (sea cucumbers, catfish, sole) BUT, you should also remember that eating fish is part of a healthy diet, so you just need to eat it in moderation! Seafood watch pamphlets, apps for your phone—let you now which fish are healthy for you to eat and which you should avoid, to help avoid mercury overexposure. ©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved. www.educurious.org

Module Assignment 3.2: Bioaccumulation YOU get to become the expert again! Research your assigned issue and complete the appropriate section on your data table. I would recommend starting with a Google search on the topic and then look for credible sources. Ex. Scientific findings, journals, scientific articles, etc. NOT Wikipedia!

Directions for Bioaccumulation Assignment: Get with the other experts in your group (all “1’s” research together, all “2’s” research together, etc.) to ensure you have accurate information. You will have 30 minutes to research and become the expert on your topic. There will be 3 teaching groups. You will instruct your peers on your Biomagnification Topic. Make sure you are taking notes on the nine other issues being presented. Start with #1. Tape this chart into your journal when complete.

Bioaccumulation Review Contaminant/Topic Impacts DDT in birds Methylmercury in Minamata Bay Bisphenol-A (BPA) in mammals PCB’s in marine mammals Lead from paint Contaminant/Topic Impacts Paralytic Shelllfish Poisoning Microplastics in Marine Food Web Vit. A bioaccumulation in carnivores Selenium in farm soil Ciguatera poisoning Naturally occurring marine biotoxin from algae blooms. Collects in shellfish and can cause nervous/paralyzing muscles in humans. Blooms caused by warmer temps. Eagles ingested DDT chemical that was sprayed on fields as pesticide. Caused shells to become fragile. Huge drop in eagle population. Banned in 1972 Plastic dumped in ocean photodegrade into microplastics and become ingested by marine life and bioaccumulates. Humans then ingest the plastics. A Japanese chemical plant discharged MeHg into bay which accumulated in fish. People became very sick ingesting a variety of seafood. BPA (artificial estrogen) is a chemical that hardens plastics. When ingested by mammals it can cause reproductive, immunity and nervous disorders. Vit A can bioaccumulate in top predator’s liver. Hypervitaminosis A can occur when humans eat these animals. Polychlorinated biphenols banned in the 70’s and 80’s (capacitors, paints, coolants)are still showing high levels in apex marine mammals causes reproductive an immune issues Depending on the physical area some areas are high in selenium and some are not. Old paint had lead (banned in 1978), if you inhale the dust you can get lead poisoning which can cause learning disabilities and behavior problems in children. Most frequently reported toxin. Fish bioaccumulate the biotoxin Gambierdiscus toxicus from algae blooms.

Module 4: Phytoremediation You have learned how humans are connected to toxins in the environment through what we eat, things we make and buy, and how we dispose of products. Now we will explore some amazing ways to remove toxins from the environment. Scientists and engineers have learned how to use plants, fungi, and bacteria to “eat up” toxins! This is called bioremediation. When plants are called in for the cleanup job, it’s called phytoremediation. When fungi (mushrooms) are put to work, it’s called mycoremediation. Brassica plants are particularly good at removing and storing metals. Because of this, they are called hyperaccumulators. Some examples of Brassica plants are broccoli, kale, cabbage, and fast plants. A typical plant may absorb 100 parts per million (ppm) zinc, but a hyperaccumulator like Brassica can absorb up to 30,000 ppm zinc.

Mod 4 Phytoremediation Videos If you are absent, watch these video links in Educurious Module 4 Cleaning up environmental pollution

Mod 4 Phytoremediation Assignment Complete Lesson 4.1 Do the reading Download the assignment 4.1 Complete reading and assignment Save the assignment and upload to Canvas following the directions on the Educurious site (#4)