TASK: Pick 6 terms for the lists below and put them into a bingo grid! Thomas More Duke of Norfolk Courtenay Carthusian Monks Aragonese Faction Thomas Cromwell Nun of Kent Benedictine Monks Pilgrimage of Grace Richard Rich Bocking Fisher Duke of Suffolk

FLIP LEARNING The work due in for today is: TASK: Finish notes on opposition to religion (clergy, court and country)    ‘Opposition to the Reformation of the Church in England failed in the years 1530 to 1547 because it lacked leadership.’  Assess the validity of this view.   1.Create a criteria  2.Make a list of OTHER reasons that opposition failed in 1530-1547 

Resistance within the Court THOMAS MORE ARAGONESE FACTION Most high profile opponent (had been Chancellor after Wolsey 1529). He fell from favour for refusing to support Henry’s divorce. He was sent to the Tower of London for refusing to accept the succession act of 1534. He refused to explain why he would not take the oath (we think it was because it would involve going against the Pope’s authority). A trial by Thomas Cromwell sealed his fate. Richard Rich gave evidence that More had been heard in prison saying he did not accept Henry as head of the Church. Slender proof of treason but enough to order his execution. More had used passive resistance, but was too famous to avoid persecution. Before 1534, those who opposed the attack on the Church expressed their concerns by being sympathetic to Catherine of Aragon (Aragonese faction). Individuals involved: Henry Courtenay; Lord Darcy and Hussey; Sir Henry Guilford. From 1532 the presence of Anne Boleyn and Thomas Cromwell largely silenced this group. They remained hopefully that Mary (Catherine’s daughter) would be recognised as heir. Her exclusion from the succession pushed Darcey and Hussey into supporting the Pilgrimage of Grace. They were executed for treason. Courtenay was not involved in the rebellion but was executed for being linked to Reginald Pole.

Resistance within the Clergy Elizabeth Barton, Nun of Kent Monastic Resistance Subject to visions since her teens, following an illness that was apparently cured by a vision of the Virgin Mary. Acquired local fame, and in 1528 her visions had begun to focus on the King’s marriage. She warned of disastrous consequences if he abandoned Catherine of Aragon. By 1530 Bocking had developed Elizabeth’s warnings into a wider campaign against the church, humanism and the Great Matter. He encouraged pilgrims and publishing books describing her visions. Rumours were circulated. Letters were sent to More and Fisher; links established with Courtenay and Hussey and Carthusian monks in London. (orchestrated) Cromwell acted, the nun and her mentors were arrested in 1533. After a public humiliation at St. Pauls Cross, Elizabeth confessed her visions were false. They were killed under an Act of Attainder. Strongest clerical resistance came from monastic orders. The Cistercian and Benedictines were not widely active (owned rural monasteries which had been dissolved). There were many examples of individual monks who preached against the divorce. The Carthusian order, remained closer to the strict ideals of monasticism. 1532-3 they refused to accept the divorce and in 1534 resisted government pressure to agree to a declaration against the authority of the Pope. The government forced the monks to submit, arresting the most reluctant. 18 were executed.

Resistance within the Country Religious causes Secular (non-religious) causes) Why it failed Dissolution of monasteries Fear for parish churches and traditional religious practice Economic grievances (resentment of taxation) Crown’s attempt to impose the Duke of Suffolk upon Lincolnshire as a magnate sparked the rebellion Courtly conspiracy promoted by councillors who supported Catherine of Aragon. Tenant grievances (Pennines and Cumberland) Geographically widespread Lincolnshire rebellion collapsed quickly when faced with the forced of the Duke of Suffolk. Then the northern rebels occupied York and Hull and captured Pontefract castle. This caused great alarm to the King and his ministers. The King sent an army north under Duke of Norfolk, encountering the rebels near Doncaster. The Duke was outnumbered… Norfolk therefore negotiated and issued a pardon and promise that dissolved monasteries would be restored and free parliament established. The King never intended to meet these promises… When the rebellion renewed in Cumberland and East Riding (1537), Henry went back on his word Duke of Norfolk supressed the rebellion, declared martial law and hanged 74 rebels.

‘Opposition to the Reformation of the Church in England failed in the years 1530 to 1547 because it lacked leadership.’  Define Opposition to the Reformation of the Church of England Opposition by clergy, court and country Criteria What would need to happen for opposition to fail because of lack of leadership? Here you are thinking: what do leaders do? What would be absent if there was lack of leadership? Lack strategy Lack key individuals Lack coordination Lack a key aim Judgement Did opposition to the Reformation of the Church in England fail in the years 1530 to 1547 because it lacked leadership? Lacked Leadership Other Reasons COURT: More’s reluctance to lead (passive) CLERGY: Variation amongst monks COUNTRY: Waves of violence suggest it was no coordinated. COURT: Role of Cromwell/Boleyn CLERGY: Role of Cromwell COUNTRY: Government strength in putting down rebellion

How far had religion changed by 1547? Good learning: Understand what happened with regards to religion during the last years of his reign Great learning: Explain what doctrines were in place at the death of Henry VIII Even better: Evaluate how far religion had changed by 1547 Key Words: How far did intellectual and religious ideas change and develop and with what effects?

What happened during the final years of Henry’s reign? By the end of Henry’s reign neither Catholics nor reformers were happy with the position they were in. Henry had shown both sides signs of support, but also opposition. Catholic Protestant Examples of support Examples of opposition Task: Read through the information on page 111 (up to doctrines) and complete the grid opposite with information that shows where Henry shows support, but also opposition on each side. Which one appears to be most in Henry’s favour? Why do you think that is the case? UNDERSTAND what happened with regards to religion during the last years of his reign EXPLAIN what doctrines were in place at the death of Henry VIII EVALUATE how far religion had changed by 1547

What happened during the final years of Henry’s reign? By the end of Henry’s reign neither Catholics nor reformers were happy with the position they were in. Henry had shown both sides signs of support, but also opposition. Catholic Protestant Examples of support Six Articles of Religion Fall of Cromwell Conservative Faction Cranmer archbishop Catherine Parr Separate from the Pope Examples of opposition Task: Read through the information on page 111 (up to doctrines) and complete the grid opposite with information that shows where Henry shows support, but also opposition on each side. Which one appears to be most in Henry’s favour? Why do you think that is the case? UNDERSTAND what happened with regards to religion during the last years of his reign EXPLAIN what doctrines were in place at the death of Henry VIII EVALUATE how far religion had changed by 1547

Catholic or Protestant? Many of the doctrines Henry had kept remained Catholic, however there were some elements of Protestantism introduced as well. The Great Bible of 1539 was the authorised English translation which replaced the Latin one. Only the clergy were allowed to receive both the bread and wine. The Eucharist and the belief of transubstantiation remained. Although still mainly in Latin, thanks to Cranmer, some elements were now in English in 1545. All the sacraments remained in force Confession of sins to a priest were seen as an essential part of devotion. There was less emphasis on Saints and laity were forbidden to go on pilgrimages to worship saints. English clergy could not marry (a problem for those who had before this was re-imposed in 1540) The number of Saint Days had been reduced to 25. Many of the processions and events of this Church remained. Task: Copy out the list of statements opposite and decide whether they are Catholic or Protestant doctrine that Henry had in place at the end of his reign. Once you have finished decide whether overall Henry’s Church was dominated by Catholicism or Protestantism and explain why. UNDERSTAND what happened with regards to religion during the last years of his reign EXPLAIN what doctrines were in place at the death of Henry VIII EVALUATE how far religion had changed by 1547

Catholic or Protestant? Many of the doctrines Henry had kept remained Catholic, however there were some elements of Protestantism introduced as well. The Great Bible of 1539 was the authorised English translation which replaced the Latin one. Only the clergy were allowed to receive both the bread and wine. The Eucharist and the belief of transubstantiation remained. Although still mainly in Latin, thanks to Cranmer, some elements were now in English in 1545. All the sacraments remained in force Confession of sins to a priest were seen as an essential part of devotion. There was less emphasis on Saints and laity were forbidden to go on pilgrimages to worship saints. English clergy could not marry (a problem for those who had before this was re-imposed in 1540) The number of Saint Days had been reduced to 25. Many of the processions and events of this Church remained. Task: Copy out the list of statements opposite and decide whether they are Catholic or Protestant doctrine that Henry had in place at the end of his reign. Once you have finished decide whether overall Henry’s Church was dominated by Catholicism or Protestantism and explain why. UNDERSTAND what happened with regards to religion during the last years of his reign EXPLAIN what doctrines were in place at the death of Henry VIII EVALUATE how far religion had changed by 1547

How much change had taken place with regards to religion under Henry VIII? Using the information on the pages outlined below, Copy out the grid on an A3 sheet and fill in the boxes to help you evaluate how much change there was in religion under Henry VIII. Under Wolsey (1520s) Under Cromwell (1530s) Final years (1540-47) How much change had taken place? CHALLENGE: What are the factors influencing that change? Try to link to specific changes. Religious beliefs and society Pg. 49 Also look at the rise of humanism, Protestantism, etc too Pg. 76-77 Pg. 112 Reforms and Doctrine Pg. 50-51 Pg. 77-78 (and also the dissolution of the monasteries) Pg. 111-112 The final column is important for the next task. UNDERSTAND what happened with regards to religion during the last years of his reign EXPLAIN what doctrines were in place at the death of Henry VIII EVALUATE how far religion had changed by 1547

‘How important were the groups which opposed the Catholic Church in forcing change in the Church in the years 1509-1547? On your grid you were asked to look at the different factors that which brought about religious change. TASK: Go through your list of factors and with a highlighter pull out all the different changes that occurred because of groups which opposed the Catholic Church. Next I would like you to write a PEEL paragraph explaining whether they were the biggest factor or not and why. Use the grid below to help. POINT: State whether you think they were the main reason for change or not. Evidence: Give SPECIFIC facts to support your answer Explanation: You need to state WHY this shows they were the main reason or not Link: Refer back to the SAME point you made at the beginning UNDERSTAND what happened with regards to religion during the last years of his reign EXPLAIN what doctrines were in place at the death of Henry VIII EVALUATE how far religion had changed by 1547

The work due in for next lesson is as follows: FLIP LEARNING TASK: Make sure your Tudor revision grid is completed up to date. Henry VIII’s religion is now completed. Complete your timeline on religious changes. Use the work from this lesson to help – especially the overview grid. The work due in for next lesson is as follows:

Retrieval Quiz Dissolution of the monasteries/opposition = 1 point 1. In what year were all religion houses dissolved? 2. What is Humanism? 3. Name 2 acts of Parliament that were passed between 1533-1534 4. Which of Henry’s wives helped Protestantism grow and develop? 5. Which was henry’s wives were responsible for the fall of Cromwell? 6. What is the name given to the Lincolnshire uprising in 1536-37? 7. In what years were the two Parliaments called under Wolsey? 8. Give one example of someone who resisted religious change at court and why. 9. In what year was the first official translation of the Bible into English published? Dissolution of the monasteries/opposition = 1 point Early religion = 2 points Henry VIII Government= 3 points

Retrieval Quiz: Answers 1. 1540 2. It was a development of the Renaissance in the fourteenth century. It concerned itself with the purifying religious texts. Mainly intellectuals. 3. The Act in Restraint of Appeals, Act of Supremacy, Act of Succession, Treason Act 4. Anne Boleyn 5. Anne of Cleves – she wasn’t pretty enough for Henry and the marriage couldn’t be consummated. This was an embarrassment and Cromwell’s enemies took advantage. 6. The Pilgrimage of Grace 7. 1515 (Hunne’s case and anticlericalism) and 1523 (agree on taxation) 8. Thomas More – he did not accept Henry as the head of the Church 9. 1537 Dissolution of the monasteries/opposition = 1 point Early religion = 2 points Henry VIII Government= 3 points