Global Market Transformation via the Efficient Lighting Initiative (ELI)

Author & Contributors Kathryn M. Conway Technical Consultant to International Finance Corporation Russell Sturm International Finance Corporation, United States Wayne Abayan and Mary Ann Perlas International Institute for Energy Conservation, Philippines Sommai Phon-Amnuaisuk International Institute for Energy Conservation, Thailand

1. The Global Effort 2. The Next Generation 3. CFL Test Results

Part One: The Global Effort

ELI was… An initiative to accelerate the market for efficient lighting technologies Funded by Global Environment Facility Implemented by International Finance Corporation Argentina, Peru, Latvia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Philippines & South Africa

ELI is accelerating markets by… Increasing consumer awareness and demand, Improving access to capital, Increasing sales volume and product availability, Enhancing competition, Producing downward pressure on prices.

The speed of light!

ELI is institutionalized… Country partnerships established Country market capability Consumer awareness Financing mechanisms Retail capacity expanded for efficient products Educational programs and curricula Utility incentives developed Industry and professional associations

ELI Argentina

ELI Peru

ELI Philippines

ELI Czech Republic

ELI South Africa

Part Two: Preparing for ELIs Next Generation

Transitions… Summer 2002 IFC solicited ELI Legacy Guardian international proposals Evaluated multiple proposals Continued market evaluation & strategy development through Spring 2003 IFC engaged China Certification Center for Energy Conservation Products (CECP) to develop a business plan by January 2004.

Why CECP? CECP has demonstrated ability to execute business model based on manufacturer fees Access to Chinese lighting industry Experience with manufacturer process certifications (big impact on quality) Opportunity to harmonize ELI, China Green Lights and perhaps ENERGY STAR tests

New strategies for ELI… No longer built on retail/consumer demand Respond to market demand from bulk purchasers who want to differentiate products and get good quality Reach out to big box retailers, government & utility DSM programs Require manufacturers to pay small fee

Other ELI Products… Traffic signals: Light emitting diodes (LEDs) can save 85% of the energy used by incandescent lamps! Linear fluorescent lamps + electronic ballasts Outdoor residential CFL luminaires Indoor residential CFL luminaires Public area lighting Others as requested by new participants

Part Three: Results of CFL Performance Tests

ELI products conform to a voluntary energy efficiency and quality specification. From 2000 to present, ELI has approved the use of the quality mark by 11 manufacturers, for over 120 models of compact fluorescent lamps. In 2002 ELI launched its random testing program of products marketed in seven developing countries. The Lighting and Appliance Testing Laboratory, Department of Energy, The Philippines, performs the tests.

To gain approval to use the ELI green leaf logo,manufacturers… Fill out a detailed application form for each model, Submit performance test data, and Certify that product is manufactured in a factory operating a quality assurance system in accordance with ISO or equivalent.

Manufacturers test results must be… Obtained from a nationally accredited laboratory (according to ISO 17025) or an equivalently qualified facility. Conducted on 10 samples for electrical performance Conducted on 3 samples for photometric performance. Submitted within 2 years of testing.

Technical review and approval Each application is reviewed for completeness and compliance by ELI administrative team and the technical consultant. If a model is approved for quality mark use it is posted to ELI s publicly accessible website:

Summary of ELI CFL Voluntary Specification (July 2002) Efficiency (lumens per watt) If CFL has either an integral or a separate ballast · At input power of <15 W: 45 lm/W · At input power of 15 W and >4000 CCT: 55 lm/W · At input power of 15 W and <4000 CCT: 60 lm/W If CFL has a translucent cover · At input power of 14 W: 40 lm/W · At input power of 15 to 19 W: 48 lm/W · At input power of 20 to 24 W: 50 lm/W At input power of 25 W: 55 lm/W If CFL has a reflector · At input power of <19 W: 33 lm/W · At input power of >19 W: 40 lm/W

Also in the ELI specification… Average rated lifetime: 6000 hours Lumen Maintenance: 80% of initial output maintained to 2000 hours Color rendering index (CRI) of 80 or higher

CFL package bearing ELI quality mark must show… Rated input power (watts) Light output (lumens) Average rated lamp life (hours) Equivalency to general service (incandescent) lamps Correlated color temperature (CCT) Minimum starting temperature One-year no questions asked warranty in at least one local language.

RESULTS Initial, 100-, and 2000-hour tests conducted for each of 49 models (n=624 units) hour results for Round One, 31 models (n=372 models). Input power demand: Initial reading of the power dissipated by a lamp shall not exceed the rated wattage by more than 5%, per IEC. All models complied with this criterion. Input power demand remained stable for all models throughout the testing.

Lamp efficacy (luminous efficacy): Initial light output value / initial input 100 hours: 42 to hours: 26 to hours: 22 Round One:19 to 51 lm/w. Compared to the efficacy calculated from the 100-hour measured values, there was a marked change in efficacy at 2000 and 6000 hours. Efficacy declined by 17% to 56% from 100 to 6000 hours.

Initial light output : (rated values vs. measured values) 80% 89%-91% +5% 106% to 110% 111% to 119% 120% to 126%

Lumen maintenance At 2000 hours … >80%. 10 (including 4 86%-89%. 80%-85%. 70% to 79%. 1 61%. For 21 Round One models still operating at 6000 hours: 62% to 82%.

Lifetime 100 hours: 4 units failed 1000 hours: 9 units failed 2000 hours: 19 units failed; however, >50% for every model still operating hours: 22 of the 31 models passed, including all 6 encapsulated hours: 9 models failed. 5 between 5036 and 5839 hours ;4 between 5000 and 2770 hours.

Power factor: At 100 hours, 45% to 49%. Remainder exceeded 50%. Lamp start-up time: All illuminated continuously within 1.5 seconds. Run-up light output: Lamp stabilization time of 10 minutes; light output measured at % of the 10 min. l.o. Only 3 models failed to meet this requirement. Correlated color temperature (CCT): Very close to manufacturers claims.

Labeling and packaging Minimum starting temperature was not specified in most of the models packaging. More than half of the models packages did not include the standard efficacy and color temperature ratings. Some ELI-qualified models lacked the ELI logo.

DISCUSSION ELI tested as many units and models as resources permitted. Sample size was not large enough to make broad generalizations about CFLs … but, Sample was large enough to indicate serious performance problems. Evidence valuable for follow-up actions with manufacturers, and for anecdotal comparisons with other organizations results.

Is Pass or Fail? the right question? Six of the 28 ELI models tested in Round One met all of the ELI requirements. They demonstrate that the specification is within the realm of possibility for mass-marketed products, and that the specification is stringent enough to separate the best performers from the others. Pass or Fail? is a relevant question.

However… 22 models failed to meet ELI s specification. Of these, 11 failed by only one measure. Some were early entries in the program & were granted exceptions on some requirements. The qualification period for approved models is only 2 years, so the older entries are being reviewed for renewal according to the current specification. Here, pass or fail is less relevant; More useful are the pass or fail results for each characteristic, because these will shape future revisions of the specification.

WE CONGRATULATE THOSE WHO PRODUCE BEST PERFORMING CFLS! Messages to Manufacturers WE CONGRATULATE THOSE WHO PRODUCE BEST PERFORMING CFLS! ELI will encourage revised labels (for greater accuracy), May request results from a larger or different sample of units. (Some failed certain measures by only a small amount perhaps given larger samples these models would pass ), Ask for voluntary removal of products that had poor light output, lumen maintenance or life test results, and Reserve the right to delist models that do not fully comply with the ELI specifications.

Of Continuing Concern to Consumers & Advocates Claims of light output and equivalency to incandescent lamps are consistently overstated by manufacturers. This concern is substantiated by evidence from other testing programs, too. Consumers notice this performance differential; it could become a market spoiler. ELI successfully negotiates with manufacturers for more accurate labeling.

Next Generation ELI Recruit and process product applications through Transition to a team including the China Certification Center for Energy Conservation Products (CECP). Concentrate on market aggregators, such as large retailers and electric utility or government programs, rather than on residential consumers. Refine the menu of lighting products tested and promoted. Collaboratively seek global, harmonized test methods.

EFFICIENT LIGHTING INITIATIVE Many thanks to… ELI team members around the world, Philippines Department of Energy/LATL Participating manufacturers, International Finance Corporation (IFC), & Global Environmental Facility (GEF).

Thank you for inviting ELIs Next Generation to BIEL!