Connor Edmonds, Mike Kappaz, and Mike Feula COAL #4 Connor Edmonds, Mike Kappaz, and Mike Feula

Coal and Steel Carbon from coal used to treat iron oxides in steel making Coke coal is used with fluxes in an oven Fluxes contain limestone and minerals to collect impurities Air is heated to 1200° C, burning the coke Iron Ore is fed into the furnace, mixes with Carbon Monoxide Molten Lava and slag (impurities) then drain out of bottom Iron is key to steel production

Making Coking Coal Becomes coke by becoming almost pure carbon Coal is softened, liquefied, and solidified into porous lumps Coal is heated around 1000-1100°C without Oxygen This drives off volatile compounds, keeps coal from burning This yields the hot porous coke used The coke is cooled with water or air and stored The process takes between 12-36 hours in a coking oven

Coke Facts Uses Metallurgical Bituminous coal Major producers are Australia, Canada, United States 1.5 tons of coal to produce 1 ton coked coal Prices have dropped to about $94.8 per short ton About 1.2 Billion tons of coking coal used per year

Coal Mining Machinery Primary Machinery Longwall Shearer 5-10 ft tall 800 ft long (on tracks) Remove coal in panels Continuous Miner 5 tons of coal a minute 45% of coal production Most remote controlled

Coal Mining Machinery Support Machinery Roof Bolters Used for Room and Pillar method Hydraulic Machines that drill bolts into the mine ceiling for greater support Longwall Supports Self-advancing hydraulic supports

Coal Mining Machinery Transport Machinery Conveyers Shuttle Cars Personnel Vehicles Scoops Rails

http://www.history.com/shows/modern-marvels/videos/modern- marvels-coal-mines