Sean M Carroll, FRCSI, Camilla M

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Vascular Delay of the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle: An Essential Component of Cardiomyoplasty Sean M Carroll, FRCSI, Camilla M.A Carroll, FRCSI, Richard W Stremel, PhD, Steven J Heilman, PhD, Gordon R Tobin, MD, John H Barker, MD, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 63, Issue 4, Pages 1034-1040 (April 1997) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01216-7

Fig. 1 Apparatus used for measuring circumferential isotonic and longitudinal isometric contractions of the canine latissimus dorsi muscle. The animal’s head is to the right. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1034-1040DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01216-7)

Fig. 2 Total and segmental perfusion of paired delayed and nondelayed muscle flaps, expressed as a percentage of preelevation muscle perfusion, 15 minutes after flap elevation. Numbers are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 9). (∗Significant difference [p < 0.05] between delayed and nondelayed muscle flaps.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1034-1040DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01216-7)

Fig. 3 Total and segmental perfusion of paired delayed and nondelayed muscle flaps, expressed as a percentage of preelevation muscle perfusion, 2 weeks after flap elevation. Numbers are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 9). (∗Significant difference [p < 0.05] between delayed and nondelayed muscle flaps.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1034-1040DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01216-7)

Fig. 4 Temporal trends in distal muscle perfusion. Muscle perfusion measurements were taken immediately before flap elevation and 15 minutes and 2 weeks after flap elevation. Numbers are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 9). (∗Significant difference [p < 0.05] between paired delayed and nondelayed muscle flaps.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1034-1040DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01216-7)

Fig. 5 Circumferential force generated by rhythmic and tetanic contractions in both the loaded and unloaded positions. Numbers are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 9). (∗Significant difference [p < 0.05] between paired delayed and nondelayed muscle flaps.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1034-1040DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01216-7)

Fig. 6 Longitudinal force generated by rhythmic and tetanic contractions (kp, force acting on a 1-kg mass at normal acceleration of gravity) in the loaded position. Numbers are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 9). The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1034-1040DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01216-7)

Fig. 7 Rhythmic fatigue rates (seconds) in paired delayed and nondelayed muscle for both circumferential (loaded and unloaded) and longitudinal contractions. Numbers are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 9). (∗Significant difference [p < 0.05] between delayed and nondelayed muscle flaps.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997 63, 1034-1040DOI: (10.1016/S0003-4975(96)01216-7)