Systematic anatomy Teacher: Zeng zhao ming Department of anatomy

Review 1.The main branches of aortic arch? 2.The arteries that the pulsation can be felt. 3.The arteries supply to the stomach. (name and origin)

The veins Concept Characteristics The blood vessels which carry blood back to heart Characteristics Thinner wall Larger cavity Lower pressure Slower flow Superficial and deep veins Venous valves: ensure a one-way flow of blood Numerous anastomoses

Division Special veins Veins of pulmonary circulation Veins of systemic circulation Special veins Diploic veins Sinus of dura mater

Diploic veins Sinus of dura mater

The veins of pulmonary circulation Pulomanry veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium Number: 4 superior and inferior, left and right no venous valve

The veins of systemic circulation Superior vena cava system The head, neck, upper limb, thorax, upper part of the abdominal wall Inferior vena cava system Lower limbs，pelvis，abdomen Cardiac vein system Coronary sinus, include greater , middle and lesser cardiac vein

Superior vena cava system Trunk: Superior vena cava short venous trunk formed by two brachiocephalic veins begins behind the lower border of the first right costal cartilage ends in right atrium(at the lower border of the third sternocostal joint) receives the azygos vein

Azygos vein

The brachiocephalic veins Also called innominate vein formed by the internal jugular and the subclavian veins (behind the stenoclavicular joint) venous angle Besides the internal jugular and the subclavian veins, its tributaries also include vertebral , internal thoracic and inferior thyroid veins

Internal jugular vein Collection: the skull, the brain, the superficial parts of face and much of the neck Begin: continuation of the sigmoid sinus Route: downwards with the internal artery, common carotid artery and vagus nerve within the carotid sheath End: brachiocephalic vein Clinic note The internal jugular vein has thin wall which is united with the carotid sheath to provide beneficial condition for blood return. But when the internal jugular vein is ruptured, it may lead to air embolus.

Tributaries 1.Facial vein Begin: angular vein Route:lateral to nasal ala, angle of mouth End: internal jugular vein Clinic note Dangerous angle of face

Position Dangerous triangle of face

communication

2. Maxillary vein 3. Superficial temporal vein 4. Retromandibular vein anteior branch facial vein posterior branch external jugular vein

Subclavian vein Collection: the blood of upper limb Begin: Outer border of the first rib End: brachiocephalic vein Tributaries: external jugular vein, axillary vein Clinic note The wall of the subclavian vein is tightly fastened by the fascia around it . When the vein is hurt in clinic operation, the air can go into the vessel through the aperture, and then could result in the air embolus.

the veins of upper limb Deep veins superficial veins basilic vein cephalic vein basilic vein median cubital vein

Cephalic vein Begin: lateral side of dorsal venous rete Route: lateral side of cubital fossa lateral groove of beceps brachii groove between deltoid and pectoralis major End: axillary vein or subclavian vein

basilic vein Begin: medial side of dorsal venous rete Route: medial side of cubital fossa medial groove of beceps brachii End: brachial vein or axillary vein

Median cubital vein

Azygos vein, hemiazygos vein accessory, hemiazygos vein Right ascending lumbar vein Left ascending lumbar vein Hemiazygos vein Subclavian vein Azygos vein

Vertebral venous plexuses Internal vertebral venous plexuses External vertebral venous plexuses Drain into the vertebral, posterior intercostal, lumbar, lateral sacral veins.

Inferior vena cava system Trunk: Inferior vena cava formed by two common iliac begins at level to fifth lumbar vertebra ends in right atrium(at the lower and posterior part) tributaries

posterior tibial vein Popliteal vein Femoral vein The veins of lower limb deep veins Anterior tibial vein posterior tibial vein Popliteal vein Femoral vein

The superficial veins ** the great saphenous vein Origin the medial side of the dorsal venous arch on the dorsum of the foot.

Route in front of the thigh behind the medial surface of the tibia and femur. the medial aspect of the leg in front of the medial malleolus

end the femoral vein saphenous hiatus

Tributaries The superfical epigastric vein The superficial iliac circumflex vein The external pudendal vein The superficial lateral femoral vein The superficial medial femoral vein

in clinic Varicose vein (the vein becomes dilated and tortuous) Operation: all the tributaries at the groin have to be ligated as well as the main saphenous trunk. If one tributary escapes, it in turn becomes dilated and produces recurrence of the varices.

origin route end the small saphenous vein the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch on the dorsum of the foot. route Passes behind the lateral malleous. Ascends along the middle of the back of the leg, and pierce the deep fascia. end the popliteal vein

The veins of pelvis Internal iliac vein and it’s tributries External iliac vein Common iliac vein

Common iliac vein Internal iliac vein External iliac vein Femoral vein Parietal tributaries Inferior epigastric vein Receive the blood from the regions which the corresponding Arteries supply. Superior rectal vein Inferior rectal vein Internal pudendal vein (rectal venous plexus) Internal and external rectal plexuses Visceral tributaries

The tributaries of the inferior vena cava Inferior phrenic vein Parietal tributaries Lumbar vein Hepatic vein Pampiniform plexus Visceral tributaries Right suprarenal vein Internal vein of the Spermatic cord Renal vein Right testicular vein (Right ovarian vein)

Hepatic portal vein system Trunk: hepatic portal vein Collection the blood from the abdominal part of the digestive canal, except the anal canal, and from the pancreas, the spleen and the gallbladder and the liver.

Form and The types of the hepatic portal vein

Tributaries Superior mesenteric vein Splenic vein Inferior mesenteric vein Left gastric vein Right gastric vein Paraumbilical vein Cystic vein

anastomoses Esophageal venous plexus Rectal venous plexus Periumbilical venous rete

Questions 1. please describe the origin, route and end of the great saphenous vein. 2.what are the tributaries of great saphenous vein?

thanks!