Altered expression of chondroitin sulfate structure modifying sulfotransferases in the articular cartilage from adult osteoarthritis and Kashin-Beck disease  J. Han, D. Li, C. Qu, D. Wang, L. Wang, X. Guo, M.J. Lammi  Osteoarthritis and Cartilage  Volume 25, Issue 8, Pages 1372-1375 (August 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.02.803 Copyright © 2017 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Representative Safranin O staining of the articular cartilage in OA and KBD patients. In OA patient, erosion and surface discontinuity could be observed in superficial and middle zone of the cartilage, thus the cartilage damage was identified as Grade 4.0. In KBD patient, erosion and vertical fissures could be observed in superficial and middle zone of the cartilage, thus the cartilage damage was identified as Grade 4.5. Scale bar: 25 μm. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 1372-1375DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2017.02.803) Copyright © 2017 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Representative IHC staining of CHST-3 (positive staining is in brown) in superficial, middle and deep zones of the articular cartilage from control, OA and KBD patients. I and II show negative control staining, where primary antibody was replaced by only PBS or negative rabbit IgG, respectively. Strong positive staining for CHST-3 enzyme in all three zones was observed in control group, followed by OA and KBD. Moreover, CHST-3 enzyme showed the least expression in the superficial and deep zones of the cartilage from KBD. Scale bar: 50 μm. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 1372-1375DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2017.02.803) Copyright © 2017 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Representative IHC staining of CHST-11 (positive staining is brown) in superficial, middle and deep zones of the articular cartilage from control, OA and KBD patients. An intense staining of CHST-11 was observed in all three zones of the cartilage in both control and OA groups. The staining was reduced in the superficial and deep zones of the cartilage from KBD compared to OA and control cartilage. Scale bar: 50 μm. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 1372-1375DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2017.02.803) Copyright © 2017 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Representative IHC staining of CHST-12 (positive staining is brown) in superficial, middle and deep zones of the articular cartilage from control, OA and KBD patients. High expression of CHST-12 in all three zones was observed in control group. In OA group, positive staining of CHST-12 enzyme was strongly expressed in the superficial and middle zones. KBD cartilage had the lowest staining of CHST-12 among the three groups, and the positively stained chondrocytes were mainly observed in the middle zone. Scale bar: 50 μm. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 1372-1375DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2017.02.803) Copyright © 2017 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Representative IHC staining of CHST-13 (positive staining is brown) in superficial, middle and deep zones of the articular cartilage from control, OA and KBD patients. An intense CHST-13 staining was observed in all three zones of the cartilage in both control and OA groups. In KBD group, most positive CHST-13 stained chondrocytes were detected in the middle zone, but the positively stained chondrocytes were much less in all zones than those in control and OA groups. Scale bar: 50 μm. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 1372-1375DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2017.02.803) Copyright © 2017 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Representative IHC staining of CHST-15 (positive staining is brown) in superficial, middle and deep zones of the articular cartilage from control, OA and KBD patients. The staining for CHST-15 was lowest of all other sulfotransferases in all three groups. Relatively few and weakly positive staining of CHST-15 was detected in the middle zone of the cartilage in control group. In OA and especially KBD group, positively stained cells were rarely found. Scale bar: 50 μm. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 1372-1375DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2017.02.803) Copyright © 2017 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Representative IHC staining of UST (positive staining is brown) in superficial, middle and deep zones of the articular cartilage from control, OA and KBD patients. In control group, positive staining for UST enzyme was mainly found in the superficial and middle zones of the cartilage. In OA group, UST showed a decreased amount of positive stained cells in all three layers as compared to control group. In KBD group, UST showed a similar positive staining in middle and deep zones of the cartilage compared with OA group, but much less positive staining in the superficial zone. Scale bar: 50 μm. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2017 25, 1372-1375DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2017.02.803) Copyright © 2017 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions