GROUNDWATER MONITORING IN ROMANIA Dr. Eng. MIHAI BRETOTEAN Head of Groundwater Department NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HYDROLOGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT

GROUNDWATER MONITORING IN ROMANIA (1) I. GROUNDWATER MONITORING NETWORKS National Hydrogeological Network a. Objectives: knowledge of phreatic and depth aquifers structures spatial development and of their aquifer potential knowledge groundwater levels regime knowledge groundwater physical – chemical properties b. Wells types: for phreatic aquiferous strata (until 20 –50 m) for depth aquiferous strata (50 – 400 m) c. Responsible: it is at the “Romanian Waters” National Administration orders, by Water Directorates

GROUNDWATER MONITORING IN ROMANIA (2) Hydrogeological Map of Romania

GROUNDWATER MONITORING IN ROMANIA (3) The National Hydrogeological Network

GROUNDWATER MONITORING IN ROMANIA (4) I. GROUNDWATER MONITORING NETWORKS Local Monitoring Networks a. Objectives and wells types - local enhancing of water quality (pollution) evolution in case of some pollutant objectives (factories, wastelands etc.), by wells for phreatic aquiferous strata enhancing piezometric levels evolution in areas of some important groundwater catchments, by wells with depth depending on catched aquifer b. Responsibles: owners of pollutant objectives or groundwater catchments

GROUNDWATER MONITORING IN ROMANIA (5) I. GROUNDWATER MONITORING NETWORKS A. National Hydrogeological Network 1. For phreatic aquiferous strata (until 20 – 50 m) hydrogeological stations types: Ist order (aim: enhancing of connection between groundwaters and surface waters): transversal alignments of wells (2 – 15) on the main surface water courses, situated at the distance of 15 – 20 km between them (located in floodplains and terraces) - IInd order (aim: enhancing of groundwaters regime relative to climatic factors): isolated wells (1 – 2) located in interfluve areas of plains, with a density of 1 well/ 20 km2 - 1 well/ 50 km2 achievement period: 1960 – 1972 total number of achieved wells – ca. 5.500, out of which in observation: for levels and temperatures – ca. 4.000 for water quality – ca. 1.200 measurements programme: levels and temperatures - at each 3 days samplings and analyses – twice/ year (at minimum and maximum levels) analyzed indicators – 22 (general and of pollution – NO3, NO2, NH4 etc.)

GROUNDWATER MONITORING IN ROMANIA (6) Wells number

GROUNDWATER MONITORING IN ROMANIA (7) Wells number

GROUNDWATER MONITORING IN ROMANIA (8) Analyses number

GROUNDWATER MONITORING IN ROMANIA (9) I. GROUNDWATER MONITORING NETWORKS A. National Hydrogeological Network 2. For depth aquiferous strata (50 – 400 m) location: unknown areas for depth aquifers of strata achievement period: 1970 – at present total number of wells: ca. 500 measurements programme: levels and temperatures – once/month samplings and analyses – once/ 2 – 3 year analyzed indicators – 22 (general and of pollution – NO3, NO2, NH4 etc.)

GROUNDWATER MONITORING IN ROMANIA (10) I. GROUNDWATER MONITORING NETWORKS B. Local Monitoring Networks Local monitoring networks and measurement programmes for these achieve by owners of the pollutant objectives or owners of important catchments

GROUNDWATER MONITORING IN ROMANIA (11) II. HYDROGEOLOGICAL INFORMATIONAL SYSTEM Data resulted as consequence of monitoring achieved by National Hydrogeological Network are stored in hydrogeological database of the “Romanian Waters” National Administration, by National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management

GROUNDWATER MONITORING IN ROMANIA (12) II. HYDROGEOLOGICAL INFORMATIONAL SYSTEM

III. PAPERS PUBLISHED ON THE BASE OF MONITORING DATA (Examples) GROUNDWATER MONITORING IN ROMANIA (13) III. PAPERS PUBLISHED ON THE BASE OF MONITORING DATA (Examples) Hydrogeological yearbooks (1963 – 2003) Bulletin of monthly hydrogeological forecast Map with nitrates exceedings areas, in 2001

GROUNDWATER MONITORING IN ROMANIA (14) Bulletin of monthly hydrogeological forecast (June 2004)

Map with nitrates exceedings areas , in 2001 GROUNDWATER MONITORING IN ROMANIA (15) Map with nitrates exceedings areas , in 2001