Chapter 8 Management of research and development

Figure 8.1 The R&D continuum

Table 8.1 Europe’s R&D expenditure league (2010) Source: http://iri.jrc.ec.europa.eu/research/scoreboard_2010.htm.

Table 8.2 R&D expenditure across industry sectors Source: www.innovation.gov.uk/rd_scoreboard (2010).

Figure 8.2 Comparison of share price performance of R&D-intensive firms and the FTSE 100 firms

Figure 8.3 Classification of areas of research emphasis in industry and university

Figure 8.4 The strategic role of R&D as viewed by the business Source: EIRMA (1985) ‘Evaluation of R&D output: working group report, 29’, European Industrial research Management Association, Paris; P.A. Roussel, K.N. Saad and T.S. Erickson (1991) Third Generation R&D, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.

Table 8.3 Description of five generations of the R&D process Source: Nobelius, D. (2004) Towards the sixth generation of R&D management, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 22, 369 –75.

Figure 8.5 Strategic pressures on R&D Source: Adapted from G.R. Mitchell (1988) ‘Options for the strategic management of technology’, UNESCO Technology Management, Interscience Enterprises Ltd, Geneva.

Figure 8.6 The R&D strategic decision-making process

Figure 8.7 Classifying the level of research using technology leverage

Table 8.4 Comparison of R&D expenditure within the European pharmaceutical industry Source: www.innovation.gov.uk/projects/rdrscoreboard (2006).

Table 8.5 The main stages in the development of Viagra Source: Pfizer.com.

Table 8.6 Sales of impotence drugs