Parts of a Cell

How do we know if something is alive? How do we define what it means to be alive?

Defining Life There is no universal definition of life. To define life in terms is still a challenge for scientists. Conventional definition: must exhibit the following criteria: Homeostasis: Regulation of the internal environment to maintain a constant state; for example, sweating to reduce temperature. Organization: Being composed of one or more cells, which are the basic units of life. Metabolism: Consumption of energy Growth: A growing organism increases in size in all of its parts, rather than simply accumulating matter. Adaptation: The ability to change over a period of time in response to the environment Response to stimuli: A response can take many forms, from the contraction of a unicellular organism when touched to complex reactions involving all the senses of higher animals. A response is often expressed by motion, for example, the leaves of a plant turning toward the sun or an animal chasing its prey. Reproduction: The ability to produce new organisms.

Cell Theory - Review All living things are made of cells Cells are the basic units of structure (form) and function (purpose) in living things. Living cells come only from other living cells Brainpop: Cells

What technology was created that allowed cells to be discovered? Hint: you could not SEE a cell without this piece of equipment. Another hint: we used this piece of equipment during our last unit of study.

What are cells? Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. All living things are made up of cells Cell are the building blocks of life Cells are specialized to do certain jobs in different regions of your body. There are about 200 different types of cells in your body. Cells are so tiny you could fit more than a million of them on a period at the end of a sentence.

Cells Cells were named by Robert Hooke. 1st scientist to call spaces in cork cells he observed under the microscope “cells.” Comes from the Latin word cella which means “little rooms”. Unicellular: one cell – bacteria. Multicellular: many cells –humans have over 200 different types of cells (blood, bone, skin) and an estimated 100 trillion total cells.

Cells Each cell is an amazing world unto itself: it can take in nutrients, convert these nutrients into energy, carry out specialized functions, and reproduce as necessary. Each cell stores its own set of instructions for carrying out each of these activities. Organelles: small structures, or “organs” within cells that perform a specific function

PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

Cell Theory: All organisms are made up of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of organization of all organisms. All cells come from other cells already in existence.

CELL WALL: PLANT Function: Gives the cell most of its support and structure A thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell Bonds with other cell walls to form the structure of the plant

Plant Cell Cell Wall

CELL MEMBRANE Plant and Animal Function: Semi permeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others. Thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell    

Animal Cell Cell Membrane

Plant Cell Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm Function: Where the organelles are located. The jellylike material located inside the cell. In Both Plant and Animal Cell Cytoplasm

Animal Cell Cytoplasm

Plant Cell Cytoplasm

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Function: transports materials through the cell Rough ER is covered with ribosome's that give it a rough appearance In both Plant and Animal Cell

Animal Cell Smooth ER Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Plant Cell Smooth ER Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Chloroplast Function: Manufactures food through photosynthesis. Uses energy from sunlight to make sugar. An elongated or disc-shaped organelle containing chlorophyll Only in Plant Cell

Plant Cell Chloroplast

Golgi Bodies Function: Golgi bodies are the packaging and secreting organelles of the cell. Are stacks of membrane-covered sacs that package and move proteins to the outside of the cell. In Both Plant and Animal Cell

Animal Cell Golgi Body

Plant Cell Golgi Body

Lysosome Function: Where the digestion of cell nutrients takes place Also called cell vesicles Spherical organelles surrounded by a membrane They contain digestive enzymes In Both Plant and Animal Cell

Animal Cell Lysosome

Plant Cell Lysosome

Mitochondria Functions: Where energy is released. Rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane Membrane is infolded many times, forming a series of projections (called cristae) In Both Plant and Animal Cell  

Animal Cell Mitochondria

Plant Cell Mitochondria

Nucleus: The Manager Function: Controls many of the functions of the cell Spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus Contains DNA (in chromosomes) Surrounded by the nuclear membrane In Both Plant and Animal Cell

Animal Cell Nucleus

Plant Cell Nucleus

Ribosomes Function: Small structures in the cytoplasm that create proteins. Ribosome's are either free floating in the cytoplasm of a cell or attached to endoplasmic reticulum in a cell. In both Plant and Animal Cell

Animal Cell Ribosomes

Plant Cell Ribosomes

Vacuole Function: Like your suitcase, a vacuole is a temporary storage space for the cell. Fluid-filled, membrane-surrounded cavities inside a cell Fills with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell Many in Animal, One large in Plant

Animal Cell Vacuole

Plant Cell Vacuole

Nuclear Membrane Protects and guards the nucleus Controls movement of materials in and out of the nucleus Keeps the DNA inside the nucleus Allows other materials to pass in and out of the nucleus In Both Plant and Animal Cell

Animal Cell Nuclear Membrane

Plant Cell Nuclear Membrane

Nucleolus Controls the cells activity… The Brain Inside the nucleus The nucleolus is the part of the nucleus which contains most of the genes that code for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA In both Plant and Animal Cell

Animal Cell Nucleolus

Nucleolus Plant Cell

Chromosomes Contains the DNA Located in the nucleus In Both Plant and Animal Cell

Animal Cell Chromosomes

Plant Cell Chromosomes

Animal Cell Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Chromosomes Mitochondria Cytoplasm Smooth ER Lysosome Golgi Body Vacuole Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell Membrane Ribosomes

Plant Cell Nucleolus Nuclear Membrane Chromosomes Nucleus Cytoplasm Lysosome Smooth ER Golgi Body Vacuole Chloroplast Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell Wall Cell Membrane Ribosomes

Edible Plant and Animal Cells

Animal Cell

Plant Cell ________ ________ _________

Animal Cell Parts Plant Cell Parts Nuclear membrane Chromosomes Mitochondria Nucleus Smooth ER Nucleolus Rough ER Golgi Body Cell Membrane Ribosomes Vacuole Lysosome Cytoplasm Plant Cell Parts Nuclear membrane Chromosomes Mitochondria Nucleus Smooth ER Nucleolus Rough ER Chloroplast Golgi Body Cell Wall Cell Membrane Ribosomes Vacuole Lysosome Cytoplasm