Volume 10, Issue 12, Pages 1579-1583 (December 2017) Glossy15 Plays an Important Role in the Divergence of the Vegetative Transition between Maize and Its Progenitor, Teosinte  Dingyi Xu, Xufeng Wang, Cheng Huang, Guanghui Xu, Yameng Liang, Qiuyue Chen, Chenglong Wang, Dan Li, Jinge Tian, Lishuan Wu, Yaoyao Wu, Li Guo, Xuehan Wang, Weihao Wu, Weiqiang Zhang, Xiaohong Yang, Feng Tian  Molecular Plant  Volume 10, Issue 12, Pages 1579-1583 (December 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.09.016 Copyright © 2017 The Author Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Glossy15 Plays an Important Role in the Divergence of the Juvenile-to-Adult Vegetative Transition between Maize and Teosinte. (A) Differences in the vegetative transition between 50 maize inbred lines (red) and 13 teosinte accessions (blue). The last leaf with epicuticular wax (LLEW) was used as an indicator trait to measure the timing of the juvenile-to-adult transition. (B) Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping for LLEW in the population of 866 maize-teosinte BC2S3 RILs. (C) Distribution of the additive effects of QTLs for LLEW. Positive values (red bars) and negative values (black bars) indicate that the maize allele at the corresponding QTL promotes and delays the vegetative transition, respectively. (D) Fine mapping of qVT9-1. The graphical genotypes of the homozygous recombinants (HR) within each recombinant group are shown on the left. Black and white boxes next to the HR indicate the corresponding homozygous nonrecombinants (HNR) identified within each recombinant family. Black and white boxes indicate homozygous regions for the maize and teosinte allele, respectively. Gray boxes represent regions where recombination occurred. The bar graphs shown on the right are the phenotypic difference between the HR and HNR plants within each recombinant group. Red bars with ** indicate a significant LLEW difference between the HR and HNR plants at P < 0.01 after Bonferroni correction, and black bars indicate no significant difference. (E) Phenotypic differences in the production of macrohairs along the leaf stages between NILmaize and NILteosinte for qVT9-1. (F) Gl15 expression patterns of NILmaize and NILteosinte during early shoot development. DAS, days after sowing. **P < 0.01. N.S., not significant. (G) Association analysis between the sequence variants discovered across the 6-kb Gl15 region and LLEW. The stop codon variant (SNP2154) is shown with a red dot, and the other polymorphic sites are colored according to their LD (r2 value) with SNP2154. Below the association analysis plot is the gene structure of Gl15. The locations of the AP2 domain and miR172 target site are marked in red. The inset is the LLEW difference between alleles at SNP2154. (H) Allelic sequence flanking SNP2154. The SNP2154-G allele (the maize parent allele of the BC2S3 population) carries a G nucleotide at position 2154 that encodes a tryptophan, and its translation termination site is located at position 2175, which is 21bp downstream of SNP2154. The SNP2154-A allele (the teosinte parent allele of the BC2S3 population) carries an A nucleotide at position 2154 that corresponds to a stop codon. (I) Dual-luciferase transient expression assay in maize protoplasts. The upper panel shows the schematic diagrams of constructs used in the transient expression assays. The lower panel presented the luciferase activity when different combinations of plasmids were co-transfected in maize protoplasts. LUC fused with the Gl15-3′UTR sequence from the maize parent (red bar) exhibited significantly lower luciferase activity than LUC fused with the Gl15-3′UTR sequence from the teosinte parent (blue bar) when co-transfecting with the miR172 effector. Values are presented as means ± SD (n = 5). *P < 0.05; N.S., not significant. (J) Allele frequency changes in SNP2154 from teosintes to maize lines. (K) Molecular population genetic analysis of the region surrounding SNP2154 in maize and teosinte. Nucleotide diversity (π) was calculated for teosinte (gray), the maize lines carrying the SNP2154-A allele (blue), and the maize lines carrying SNP2154-G (red). ** indicates that the nucleotide diversity retained in the SNP2154-G allele group is significantly deviated from the neutral domestication bottleneck model, P < 0.01. Molecular Plant 2017 10, 1579-1583DOI: (10.1016/j.molp.2017.09.016) Copyright © 2017 The Author Terms and Conditions