Wednesday Which of the following is a negative impact of the water cycle? Precipitation for agriculture Precipitation is caused by the condensation from evaporated water Excess amounts of precipitation can cause hazardous conditions None of the above 2. When plates converge which of the following is a possible effect? Rift Valleys form Mountains form Earthquakes occur Land is destroyed

On page 27 of your notebook create the following chart.

CHAMPS for Stations Voice level- Spy- only talking with people at your table and you are on task. When you need help ask your table first and then raise your hand to ask Miss Howe. Activity- You are working on the station you are at. Use the resources at each station appropriately. Movement- You will move between stations by walking quickly and quietly. Move when Miss Howe directs you to. Participation- Everyone is participating at each station.

Causes of Plate Movement Read the following paragraphs and then follow the instructions below. Scientists believe that heat and gravity may be responsible for the movement of tectonic plates. Convection is the spread of heat through the movement of a fluid substance. Inside the mantle, semi- solid rock is heated. As it is heated, it expands and becomes less dense. This lighter rick rises as gravity pulls sown cooler, denser rock in its place. After the hotter rock rises, it begins to cool down. Once cooled, it sinks, creating a circular motion or current. This circular motion pushes the plates above. Gravity also contributes to plate movement. When oceanic and land plates collide, the dense oceanic plate is pulled by gravity under the lighter land plate. As one end of the oceanic plate sinks, it pulls on the rest of the plate as well. Double click on the video and watch it. Then draw the diagram of convection on your paper in the ‘Causes of Plate Movement’ section.

Effects of Plate Tectonic Movement Read the following paragraphs and then follow the instructions below. Tectonic plates push and pull against each other like bumper cars in an amusement park. These movements are responsible for some of the Earth’s major land features. Mountain Building: When two plates, known as continental plates, slowly push into one another, they often fold upwards, creating mountain chains. The Indian plate, for example, pushes northward against the Eurasian plate. The folding of these two plate has created the Himalayan Mountains- the world’s highest mountain chain. Seafloor Spreading and Rift Valleys: Some tectonic plates move apart. Scientists have discovered that in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, the separation of plates is actually causing the seafloor to spread. In other areas, the separation of tectonic plates has created rift valleys. This creation of new crust would increase the Earth’s size, except that it is balanced by the colliding of plates elsewhere. Earthquakes and Tsunamis: Plate movement can cause a break in Earth’s crust, known as a fault. Plate movements can also cause vibrations known as earthquakes. Eventually, parts of the rocky crust will break, creating a fault and sending vibrations known as seismic waves. When an earthquake occurs under or near the ocean, it creates immense ocean waves of destructive force known as tsunamis. Volcanoes: In places where tectonic plates diverge or where one plate dives under another, pressure in Earth’s mantle is reduced and some of the hot, solid rock turns to liquid. This magma may break through weaknesses in Earth’s crust. Magma, ashes and gases erupt and form a volcano. 1. On your paper write 1 sentences explaining each of the 4 effects of plate movement. (Mountain Building, Rift Valley Tsunamis/Earthquake, Volcanoes) 2. Use the play dough at the station to form each of the above effects of plate movement. (Mountain Building, Rift Valley, Tsunamis/Earthquakes, Volcano)

Other Forces Affecting Earth’s Lithosphere Read the following paragraphs and then follow the instructions below. The processes of weathering and erosion reduce the mountains and other land features created by volcanoes, earthquakes and folding. Weathering: The wearing down of rocks at the Earth’s surface by the actions of wind, water, ice, and living things is referred to as weathering. Water may seep into cracks or pores in rocks and expand these cracks if the temperature drops and the water freezes. Erosion: The process by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away are known as erosion. By erosion, a river can cut a canyon, like the Grand Canyon, through solid rock. Deposition: The same forces that erode one place can deposit particles and sediment in another building it up this is called deposition. Rivers carry sediment downstream and deposit this sediment where they meet the ocean. Soil Quality: The types of soil found in an area greatly affects the types of plant life that can grow there. The sands of the Sahara or Arabian Desert, for example, will not support many forms of life. The Amazon basin of South America and the rainforest of central Africa have tropical soils with few minerals or nutrients. Directions: In the box labeled ‘Other Forces Affecting Earth’ define each of the processes- Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Soil Building, Soil Quality. Draw a picture next to each one. Philadelphia