Review for TEST on Chapters 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 Jeopardy Review for TEST on Chapters 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4

Chromosomes Protein Synthesis Heredity Meiosis 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500

What is heredity? HEREDITY- means passing of traits from parents to offspring (children). Row 1, Col 1

What is a gamete? Gamete- is a reproductive cell. It can mean either a sperm cell or an egg cell. 1,2

What is chromatin? How and when it changes to chromosomes? Chromatin is a loose DNA in the nucleus of a cell. It changes to chromosomes when a cell is ready to divide. 1,3

What is DNA? What are nucleotides? DNA is a double helix or “twisted” ladder that contains information for the future generation. Nucleotide is a repetitive unit of DNA that has 3 parts: a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base (A, T, G, C). 1,4

What is genetics? GENETICS is a study of genes and heredity. 2,1

Why is it important for gametes to have half number of chromosomes? The male gamete (23 chromosomes) must join with the female gamete (23 chromosomes) to form one cell (23+23=46 chromosomes), with one set of chromosomes. 2,2

What is a gene? What is its role? A gene is a part of DNA that controls that controls inherited traits. It will determine what a future offspring will look like. 2,3

What is replication? Explain this process. Replication is duplicating DNA. When it is a time for replication, DNA will “unzip.” The separated strand of DNA will be ready for new nitrogen bases to be paired up. The nitrogen bases follow the rules: A combines with T, and C combines with G. When the replication is finished, one DNA strand will separate and the other will remain with the old strand of DNA. 2,4

What is a physical trait? TRAIT- is a physical characteristic of an organism (living thing). An example of a trait can be blue eyes, black hair, tall, curly hair, long nose or short nose.. 3,1

What is the difference between haploid and diploid number? Haploid- means a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes (23 chromosomes) [in any body cell] Diploid- means a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes meaning: (23+23= 46 chromosomes) [in gametes] 3,2

Why chromosomes are in pairs? Chromosomes come in pairs because during the fertilization, an offspring receives one set of chromosomes from a father and the other set of chromosomes from a mother. 3,3

What are 4 differences between DNA and RNA? DNA: RNA: -double helix -one strand -sugar: deoxyribose -sugar: ribose -A, T, G, C -A, U, G, C -inside the nucleus -made in the nucleus, but can leave the nucleus to enter the cytoplasm 3,4

What are inherited traits? Traits that are passed from parents to their offspring are called inherited traits. 4,1

What is meiosis? Meiosis is the cell division in gametes that results in four haploid cells genetically different from each other and from the original cell. 4,2

Karyotype- is an organized display of chromosomes What is a karyotype? Karyotype- is an organized display of chromosomes 4,3

What is codon and anticodon? Codon is 3 nitrogen bases on mRNA, while anticodon is at the bottom of tRNA. tRNA’s anticodon must match to the codon on mRNA in order to bring a specific amino acid. 4,4

Describe briefly his life. Who is the father of genetics? Describe briefly his life. -born in 1822 in Czech Republic -became a priest -studied science and mathematics in University of Vienna -worked in the monastery and its garden -taught high school -he studied peas 5,1

How are mitosis and meiosis different? Mitosis: it is a cell division of a body cell, with the same number of chromosomes. Meiosis: produces 4 genetically different gametes, with a half number of chromosomes. 5,2

What is an allele? An allele is a different version or form (black, brown, yellow) of the same gene (gene for fur). 5,3

Explain the protein synthesis. mRNA is transcribed in the nucleus. mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm where it attaches to a ribosome. It starts translation (protein synthesis). Each tRNA has an anticodon that matches to a codon on mRNA. Each tRNA brings its own amino acid that will join a growing polypeptide chain (protein). 5,4