New England Confederation “Old England” dealing with civil wars Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New Haven, other parts of Connecticut

Glorious Revolution England Deposed King James II, replaced with William and Mary Inspired protests against monarchy “Salutary neglect”

Halfway Covenant In mid-1600s, conversions declined Partial membership Loosened distinction between “saved” and non Women became majority of Puritan congregations

Salem Witch Trials Salem, MA Adolescent girls accused people of being witches 20 people executed (also 2 dogs) “witch-hunting”

The 1st Great Awakening Early-1700s, religion less fervid Problems with Puritan church Works vs. predestination Religious revival- 1730s and 1740s

Jonathan Edwards “God’s grace not works” “Sinners at the hands of an angry God” Road to hell “paved with the skulls of unbapbtized children”

“The God that hold you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider or some loathesome insect over the fire, abhors you, and is dreadfully provoked. His wrath toward you burns like fire; he looks upon you as worthy of nothing else but to be cast into the fire.”

George Whitefield Orator Itinerant preacher

“Old Lights” vs. “New Lights” Traditionalists vs. new preachers

Effects of the Great Awakening Undermined elder clergy Increased number and competitiveness of American churches Missionaries First mass movement in “America”

Mercantilism Raw materials from colonies Manufactured in England Sold back to colonies (colonists not supposed to buy from other places)